{"id":11602,"date":"2020-11-30T15:59:53","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T14:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=11602"},"modified":"2020-11-30T15:59:53","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T14:59:53","slug":"media-pritapeji-pod-kotlem-paniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=11602","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9dia p\u0159it\u00e1p\u011bj\u00ed pod kotlem paniky"},"content":{"rendered":"
Velmi smutnou roli ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m nepochopen\u00ed fenom\u00e9nu epidemie m\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, jak jej\u00ed dimenze, ale tak\u00e9 dopady, efekt restrikc\u00ed, m\u00edru rizik a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed i spole\u010densk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady r\u016fzn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed kolem n\u00ed hraj\u00ed m\u00e9dia.<\/div>\n

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A to ne pouze tradi\u010dn\u00edmi formami, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i\u017eivov\u00e1n\u00edm se na obav\u00e1ch o zdrav\u00ed formou exponov\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch tragick\u00fdch situac\u00ed v touze po pozornosti publika. To u\u017e ostatn\u011b zn\u00e1me z p\u0159\u00edstupu m\u00e9di\u00ed ke v\u0161em d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kriz\u00edm, ot\u0159es\u016fm, katastrof\u00e1m \u010di hav\u00e1ri\u00edm. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed epidemie \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e spole\u010densk\u00fdch ot\u0159es\u016f epidemi\u00ed vyvolan\u00fdch ale nejde jen o \u201ek\u0159iv\u00e9 zrcadlo\u201c, zkresluj\u00edc\u00ed proporce reality. Jde i o absolutn\u00ed rezignaci na korektn\u00ed reportov\u00e1n\u00ed o re\u00e1ln\u00fdch datech, co\u017e se projevuje hlavn\u011b terminologick\u00fdm zmatkem a argumenta\u010dn\u00edm chaosem.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0159ejnost trp\u00ed nedostatkem korektnosti a p\u0159esnosti p\u0159i informov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed o pr\u016fb\u011bhu aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed epidemie a o opat\u0159en\u00edch proti n\u00ed. Ned\u016fsledn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o terminologickou a v\u011bcnou spr\u00e1vnost v takto citliv\u00e9m t\u00e9matu vede k informa\u010dn\u00edmu chaosu a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 t\u00edm k dramatick\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed paniky a \u00fazkosti s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdmi ni\u010div\u00fdmi dopady na kvalitu \u017eivota na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 vede u \u010d\u00e1sti ve\u0159ejnosti k pocitu, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 data vlastn\u011b nemaj\u00ed relevanci.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u m\u00e9di\u00ed, ale u\u017e u ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed a dokonce v \u0159ad\u00e1ch expert\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se kolem t\u00e9matu epidemie pohybuj\u00ed. Hysterie, stra\u0161en\u00ed a katastrofick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e jsou zjevn\u011b medi\u00e1ln\u011b atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e1 slova. A kdo se chce zviditelnit, m\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fd recept: p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt do extr\u00e9m\u016f. A kdy\u017e se k tomu p\u0159id\u00e1 terminologick\u00fd chaos, nelze se divit zjit\u0159en\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e mezi ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pak zp\u011btn\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed na politiky, aby ti p\u0159ij\u00edmali rad\u011bji tvrd\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. A nestate\u010dn\u00ed politici t\u00e9to atmosf\u00e9\u0159e vych\u00e1zej\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc nam\u00edsto toho, aby p\u0159ijali odpov\u011bdnost za sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed podlo\u017een\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lze uv\u00e9st n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f. Term\u00edn \u201ecovid-19\u201c na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9 a term\u00edny \u201enov\u00fd koronavirus\u201c nebo \u201evirus SARS CoV-2\u201c na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 nejsou synonyma, p\u0159esto ve zpravodajstv\u00edch mnoha m\u00e9di\u00ed libovoln\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Nov\u00fd koronavirus, stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed dosud b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 koronaviry (s\u00e1m pojem \u201ekoronavirus\u201c nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho, r\u016fzn\u00e9 koronaviry zn\u00e1me ze \u017eivota oded\u00e1vna, jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou na\u0161ich star\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u201evir\u00f3z\u201c), dal\u0161\u00ed viry a tak\u00e9 bakterie jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a nemoc mohou u \u010dlov\u011bka zp\u016fsobit a\u017e za specifick\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Naproti tomu covid-19 je plicn\u00ed choroba, kter\u00e1 m\u00edv\u00e1 zpravidla m\u00edrn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, ale n\u011bkdy i pr\u016fb\u011bh velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v soub\u011bhu s jin\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eemi, dispozicemi, nemocemi \u010di zdravotn\u00edmi riziky komplikac\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159i to maj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 snaze vyd\u011bsit ve\u0159ejnost velmi snadn\u00e9, kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad na Ministerstvu zdravotnictv\u00ed existuje pracovi\u0161t\u011b \u201elaboratorn\u00ed skupina covid-19.\u201c Tato skupina se v\u0161ak nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010den\u00edm lid\u00ed nemocn\u00fdch covidem-19, ale syst\u00e9mem testov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u011bt\u0161inou zdrav\u00e9) populace na p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00e9ho koronaviru. V hlavn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 relaci \u010cesk\u00e9 televize ze dne 26. listopadu moder\u00e1tor Kubal div\u00e1k\u016fm sd\u011blil, \u017ee \u201etesty odhalily … p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f covid-19.\u201c Nemoc ale nelze testovat, nelze ji \u201eodhalovat\u201c testem. P\u0159\u00edtomnost nemoci se zji\u0161\u0165uje klinicky, vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm, podle p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. P\u0159esto absurdn\u00ed v\u011btu o \u201etestov\u00e1n\u00ed na covid\u201c sl\u00fdch\u00e1me v m\u00e9di\u00edch denn\u011b. Testoval lze pouze p\u0159\u00edtomnost potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodce nemoci, tedy viru SARS CoV-2\u201c. Pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt zcela zdr\u00e1vi, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di viru. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich covid nem\u00e1. Testy neodhaluj\u00ed nemocn\u00e9 covidem, ale potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed bacilonosi\u010de. A to je p\u0159ece kardin\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edl. Je nutno zcela z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161ovat lidi pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00e9ho koronaviru a lidi nemocn\u00e9, co\u017e m\u00e9dia zpravidla ned\u011blaj\u00ed. A nejen m\u00e9dia. Zmaten\u00ed pojm\u016f se ale odv\u00edj\u00ed u\u017e od odborn\u00edk\u016f s politik\u016f. V\u0161ude po m\u011bstech lze vid\u011bt pouta\u010de, na kter\u00fdch je ps\u00e1no \u201eOdb\u011brov\u00e9 m\u00edsto covid-19.\u201c Na onom m\u00edst\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 odeb\u00edrat vzorky k testov\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00e9ho koronaviru, ale rozhodn\u011b tam nelze \u201eodeb\u00edrat covid\u201c ani vzorky na testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to nemoci.<\/p>\n

Po\u010det pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00fdch ser nerovn\u00e1 po\u010dtu nemocn\u00fdch, jak tak\u00e9 \u010dasto v m\u00e9di\u00edch sl\u00fdch\u00e1me. Oba po\u010dty se od sebe li\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b, nemocn\u00fdch je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Ve statistik\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou prezentov\u00e1ny v m\u00e9di\u00edch, se objevuj\u00ed obraty, jako \u201ecelkem bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno nemocn\u00fdch\u201c, kdy\u017e je p\u0159itom \u0159e\u010d pouze o lidech pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00fdch na p\u0159\u00edtomnost viru. I zde ale nejde jen o selh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed. I takov\u00e1 form\u00e1ln\u00ed autorita cel\u00e9 protiepidemick\u00e9 agendy, jakou je hlavn\u00ed hygieni\u010dka R\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1, v hlavn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 relaci TV Nova t\u00fd\u017e den varovala, \u017ee uvoln\u011bn\u00ed restrikc\u00ed nenastane \u201epokud se po\u010dty lid\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch na covid-19 nebudou zlep\u0161ovat.\u201c I ona si tedy evidentn\u011b mysl\u00ed, \u017ee pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk na p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00e9ho koronaviru rovn\u00e1 se \u010dlov\u011bk stonaj\u00edc\u00ed s nemoc\u00ed covid-19.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b tak ale nelze hovo\u0159it ani o lidech v opakovan\u00e9m testu otestovan\u00fdch negativn\u011b jako o lidech \u201evyl\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch\u201c, proto\u017ee vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze ten, kdo byl dosud nemocn\u00fd. Nov\u011b negativn\u011b testovan\u00ed jsou lid\u00e9 nikoli uzdraven\u00ed, ale lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vy\u0159azeni ze seznamu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch bacilonosi\u010d\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b opakovan\u00e9ho negativn\u00edho testu. \u017de jde o \u010dist\u011b arbitr\u00e1rn\u00ed, administrativn\u011b stanovovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, prokazuje i fakt, \u017ee MZ zve\u0159ejnilo jako po\u010det \u201euzdraven\u00fdch\u201c dne 25. 11. \u010d\u00edslo 870, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne toto \u010d\u00edslo stanovilo na 14.500, co\u017e je ze dne na den sedmn\u00e1ctkr\u00e1t v\u00edce. Jist\u011b\u017ee se ten den nic tak z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9ho se zdrav\u00edm tis\u00edc\u016f lid\u00ed nestalo, to jen byli mnoz\u00ed z nich \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159evedeni z jedn\u00e9 kolonky do druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Neust\u00e1le jsme stra\u0161eni po\u010dtem mrtv\u00fdch, u n\u00e1s i ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Je nutno ale rozli\u0161ovat mezi zem\u0159el\u00fdmi, u nich\u017e byla nemoc covid-19 hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou smrti, zem\u0159el\u00fdmi, u nich\u017e nemoc byla mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost\u00ed, a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed v dob\u011b smrti byli sice nositel\u00e9 viru, ale nemoc covid-19 nem\u011bli a zem\u0159eli z \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny. Denn\u00ed statistiky mrtv\u00fdch b\u00fdvaj\u00ed prezentov\u00e1ny zcela nesmysln\u011b, jako kdyby \u0161lo o zem\u0159el\u00e9 \u201enav\u00edc\u201c, tedy nad b\u011b\u017en\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. Tak tomu ale nen\u00ed, proto\u017ee celkov\u00e1 \u00famrtnost se rozhodn\u011b nezvy\u0161uje o po\u010det zem\u0159el\u00fdch, veden\u00fdch ve statistik\u00e1ch jako \u201ezem\u0159el\u00ed s covidem\u201c.<\/p>\n

Nelze tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkat (ale m\u00e9dia to zcela b\u011b\u017en\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed), \u017ee po\u010det lid\u00ed pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00fdch se rovn\u00e1 po\u010dtu nositel\u016f viru mezi n\u00e1mi. Ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 relaci \u010cesk\u00e9 televize ze stejn\u00e9ho dne se objevila (jako i mnoho jin\u00fdch dn\u016f p\u0159edt\u00edm) tabulka s kolonkou nadepsanou \u201enaka\u017een\u00ed celkem\u201c, p\u0159itom t\u00edm byl my\u0161len kumulovan\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00fdch. Kdy\u017e pomineme nespr\u00e1vnost ozna\u010dovat takov\u00e9 lidi jako \u201enaka\u017een\u00e9\u201c, pak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nejde o celkov\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed s virem mezi n\u00e1mi, ale pouze o po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pro\u0161li testy s pozitivn\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem. Kolik nositel\u016f viru mezi n\u00e1mi \u017eije, ani\u017e kdy absolvovali n\u011bjak\u00fd test, ale p\u0159ece v\u016fbec nikdo nev\u00ed. Jejich po\u010det je v\u0161ak jist\u011b mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010det pozitivn\u011b testovan\u00fdch, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch odhad\u016f a\u017e \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee u n\u00e1s j\u00edt i o miliony. Pokud tedy mezi n\u00e1mi chod\u00ed statis\u00edce a mo\u017en\u00e1 i miliony lid\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 testem prok\u00e1zat p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00e9ho koronaviru, pak je nutno se d\u00edvat na denn\u00ed dramatick\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o tom, jestli bylo v\u010dera pozitivn\u011b testov\u00e1no tis\u00edc, deset tis\u00edc nebo dvacet tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, jako na \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru v populaci nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed skoro nic. P\u0159esto jde o \u010d\u00edslo, na kter\u00e9m jsou stav\u011bna mnoh\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed o restrikc\u00edch \u010di o jejich ru\u0161en\u00ed. M\u00e9dia cituj\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed slovy, \u017ee ten \u010di onen den \u201ep\u0159ibylo\u201c tolik a tolik \u201ep\u0159\u00edpad\u016f n\u00e1kazy\u201c. Mysl\u00ed-li n\u00e1kazou p\u0159\u00edtomnost viru, pak nelze tvrdit, kolik jich jist\u00fd den p\u0159ibylo, proto\u017ee to nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee v\u011bd\u011bt. To by se denn\u011b musela testovat cel\u00e1 populace. Lze maxim\u00e1ln\u011b reportovat, \u017ee jist\u00fd den bylo pozitivn\u011b testov\u00e1no tolik a tolik lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fdch nep\u0159esnost\u00ed se vyskytuje ve zpravodajsk\u00fdch a publicistick\u00fdch po\u0159adech cel\u00e1 \u0159ada ka\u017ed\u00fd den, ka\u017edou hodinu. Nejde mi o malichern\u00e9 trv\u00e1n\u00ed na detailech, ale o opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd po\u017eadavek na odpov\u011bdnost p\u0159i informov\u00e1n\u00ed o tak mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b citliv\u00e9 oblasti. Profesion\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e9di\u00ed ke korektn\u00edmu informov\u00e1n\u00ed o epidemii by pomohl lep\u0161\u00edmu pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti o pr\u016fb\u011bhu a dopadech epidemie a umo\u017enil by lidem p\u0159ij\u00edmat spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm se d\u011bje p\u0159esn\u00fd opak. Lid\u00e9 jsou zavalov\u00e1n\u00ed balastn\u00edmi daty a interpretacemi, terminologick\u00fdch chaosem a zjevn\u00fdm amat\u00e9rismem a libov\u016fl\u00ed. V daleko m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oborech by takov\u00fd terminologick\u00fd diletantismus v m\u00e9di\u00edch trp\u011bn nebyl, zde v\u0161ak ano. A to nemluv\u00edm o b\u0159eznu \u010di dubnu, ale o listopadu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zdroj<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Velmi smutnou roli ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m nepochopen\u00ed fenom\u00e9nu epidemie m\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, jak jej\u00ed dimenze, ale tak\u00e9 dopady, efekt restrikc\u00ed, m\u00edru rizik a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed i spole\u010densk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady r\u016fzn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed kolem n\u00ed hraj\u00ed m\u00e9dia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11602"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11603,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11602\/revisions\/11603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}