u\u017e<\/em>, proto\u017ee v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli to byla informace 20 hodin star\u00e1. Mne ale zas\u00e1hla rovnou mezi o\u010di. A z\u00a0t\u011bch o\u010d\u00ed mi zcela nechlapsky za\u010daly t\u00e9ct slzy. Zpr\u00e1va zn\u011bla jasn\u011b a definitivn\u011b, i kdy\u017e byla pronesena tehdej\u0161\u00ed zauzlenou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed. Kontrarevoluce v\u00a0Polsku skon\u010dila, bylo vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno stann\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, z\u00e1kaz vych\u00e1zen\u00ed, rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Solidarity, tanky v\u00a0ulic\u00edch.<\/p>\nV\u0161ichni, kdo jsme tehdy Polskou situaci sledovali, jsme tuto variantu v\u00fdvoje zahrnovali do sv\u00fdch kalkul\u016f, ale nikdo j\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159il. Alespo\u0148 j\u00e1 ne. Tohle by p\u0159ece u\u017e neud\u011blali. Ud\u011blali.<\/p>\n
Vojensk\u00fd pu\u010d veden\u00fd ministrem obrany gener\u00e1lem Wojciechem Jaruzelsk\u00fdm, kter\u00fdm byla dosavadn\u00ed moc nahrazena vl\u00e1dou vojensk\u00e9 junty, byla podle apologet\u016f p\u0159evratu preventivn\u00edm krokem p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm vp\u00e1dem sov\u011bt\u016f do Polska. Je \u00fakolem pro historiky aby posoudili, zda \u0161lo o z\u00e1minku, v\u00fdmluvu \u010di le\u017e. Faktem je, \u017ee ono n\u00e1siln\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed moci bylo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm reakc\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ud\u00e1losti v\u00a0Polsku.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0sobotu 12. prosince 1981 prob\u00edhalo v\u00a0Gda\u0148sku zased\u00e1n\u00ed Celost\u00e1tn\u00edho v\u00fdboru nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho odborov\u00e9ho svazu Solidarita. Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vl\u00e1dou v\u00a0tu dobu narazilo na sv\u00e9 meze. Vl\u00e1da nebyla ochotna p\u0159istoupit na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Celost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdbor Solidarity se tedy usnesl, \u017ee vyp\u00ed\u0161e referendum. Bu\u010f v\u0161eobecn\u00e9, nebo jen v\u00a0odborov\u00e9m svazu. Ten v\u0161ak v\u00a0tu dobu u\u017e m\u011bl na deset milion\u016f \u010dlen\u016f. A pr\u00e1v\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed o referendu nejsp\u00ed\u0161 bylo spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm momentem toho, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj brut\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159evzala arm\u00e1da.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0jednu hodinu v\u00a0noci na 13. prosince 1981 se v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9m s\u00eddle Belveder se\u0161li \u010dlenov\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed rady, aby schv\u00e1lili dekrety o v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9m stavu. Dekrety ale m\u011bly jen form\u00e1ln\u011b potvrdit opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 o sv\u00e9 v\u016fli spustila arm\u00e1da ji\u017e o n\u011bkolik hodin d\u0159\u00edve. V\u00a0telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch centrech bylo p\u0159eru\u0161eno ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed. Byl obsazen rozhlas i televize. Do tis\u00edc\u016f byt\u016f vpadli tajn\u00ed policist\u00e9, aby\u00a0internovaly p\u0159edstavitele Solidarity a dal\u0161\u00ed aktivisty. Pohotovostn\u00ed jednotky p\u0159epadly s\u00eddla region\u00e1ln\u00edch veden\u00ed Solidarity, tam vy\u0159adily z provozu telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed a tisk\u00e1rensk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zatkly jejich obsluhu. Ke komunika\u010dn\u00edm uzl\u016fm, hlavn\u00edm k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1m a v\u00fdpadov\u00fdm tras\u00e1m z\u00a0m\u011bst, k\u00a0vl\u00e1dn\u00edm budov\u00e1m a strategick\u00fdm objekt\u016fm i k\u00a0budov\u00e1m\u00a0 velvyslanectv\u00ed vyrazily tanky a bojov\u00e1 vozidla. R\u00e1no v\u00a0televizi vyhl\u00e1sil gener\u00e1l Jaruzelski v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stav a ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee moc p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 Vojensk\u00e1 rada n\u00e1rodn\u00ed sp\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n
P\u0159evratu se tu noc \u00fa\u010dastnilo na sedmdes\u00e1t tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f a kolem t\u0159iceti tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f ministerstva vnitra. Do ulic vyjelo 170 tank\u016f, 1400 obrn\u011bn\u00fdch voz\u016f, 500 p\u011bchotn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch vozidel a dev\u011bt tis\u00edc dal\u0161\u00edch aut ozbrojen\u00fdch slo\u017eek.<\/p>\n
V\u00edm, \u017ee slova o m\u00fdch slz\u00e1ch zn\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u011b a melodramaticky, ale j\u00e1 jsem onu zpr\u00e1vu vn\u00edmal velmi osobn\u011b. T\u00fdkala se m\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, m\u00e9 druh\u00e9 vlasti. Ale hlavn\u011b mn\u011b samotn\u00e9ho a m\u00fdch nad\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
O necel\u00e9ho jedenap\u016flroku d\u0159\u00edve jsem str\u00e1vil v\u00a0Gda\u0148sku dva velmi pohnut\u00e9 t\u00fddny. V\u00a0lod\u011bnic\u00edch to v\u0159elo, konflikt s\u00a0moc\u00ed byl na spadnut\u00ed, interpretace p\u0159\u00ed\u010din byly nejasn\u00e9. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b \u0161lo o pr\u00fd reakci na postup moci proti demonstrant\u016fm, po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edm na katowick\u00e9m n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed zastaven\u00ed vlaku s\u00a0masem do olympijsk\u00e9 Moskvy, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pr\u00fd o \u0161ikanov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou je\u0159\u00e1bn\u00edk\u016f a jejich protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159e\u0159azen\u00ed na jinou pr\u00e1ci. Zpr\u00e1v bylo m\u00e1lo a byly hodn\u011b zkreslen\u00e9. Bylo ale z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se n\u011bco d\u011bje.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e jsem pak 15. srpna 1980 r\u00e1no vyr\u00e1\u017eel za volantem rodinn\u00e9ho wartburgu na dalekou cestu do Chebu a proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl pobl\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edstavu a lod\u011bnic, st\u00e1ly ty ohromn\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by n\u011bjak divn\u011b, rameny nahoru, jako kdyby zdravily. \u010clov\u011bk zatajil dech. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1vka za\u010dala, boj Solidarity vzplanul.<\/p>\n
Nem\u011bl jsem ani p\u00e1ru, o jak velkou chv\u00edli \u0161lo, jen takov\u00fd pocit, \u017ee je n\u011bco ve vzduchu. Za p\u00e1r dn\u016f a t\u00fddn\u016f u\u017e bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nejde o \u017e\u00e1dnou epizodu. Cel\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce jsem hltal ka\u017edou zpr\u00e1vu o polsk\u00e9m d\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 mi dov\u00e1\u017eeli let\u00e1ky \u010di Gazetu Wyborzcu, spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016fm jsem hrd\u011b hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee my, Pol\u00e1ci (jasn\u011b\u017ee jsem tak trochu Pol\u00e1k, kdy\u017e se mi to hod\u00ed) zachr\u00e1n\u00edme sv\u011bt p\u0159ed komunismem.<\/p>\n
Proto o jsem o t\u011bch 16 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji tu hroznou zpr\u00e1vu p\u0159ijal tak osobn\u011b. Ztratil jsem na n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das v\u0161echnu nad\u011bji. To byl m\u016fj srpen 1968. Velmi jsem se ale m\u00fdlil.<\/p>\n
Po prosinci 1981 jist\u011b nastalo v\u00a0Polsku uta\u017een\u00ed \u0161roub\u016f a do\u010dasn\u00e9 zdecimov\u00e1n\u00ed opozice. Ale v\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem byl rozd\u00edl od \u010desk\u00e9 situace 70 let z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. V\u00a0Polsku neza\u010dala normalizace. V\u00a0Polsku nebyly zadup\u00e1ny nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 aktivity zcela do zem\u011b, a\u017e zbyla jen jiskra. Tam po celou dobu ho\u0159ely aspo\u0148 plam\u00ednky.<\/p>\n
Nem\u00e1m r\u00e1d pohrdliv\u00e9 odsudky v\u016f\u010di \u010desk\u00e9 normalizaci, kter\u00e9 pron\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ti, co cht\u011bj\u00ed zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u00ed tolik nejeli. Je mnoho d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed situace, pro\u010d pom\u011bry v\u00a0Polsku po prosinci 1981 nekop\u00edrovaly ty \u010desk\u00e9 po srpnu 1968. Zru\u0161en\u00e1 Solidarita m\u011bla 10 milion\u016f \u010dlen\u016f, byla zakotvena v\u00a0n\u00e1rod\u011b a ne jen v\u00a0kav\u00e1rn\u00e1ch hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta a m\u011bla s\u00edlu p\u0159etvo\u0159it se do rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ileg\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur. Katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev neselhala a z\u00a0ohromn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny z\u016fstala platformou pro duchovn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nadechnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pro to v\u0161e nebyla 80. l\u00e9ta v\u00a0Polsku obdob\u00edm mrtv\u00e9ho \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e pomal\u00e9ho ale trval\u00e9ho a nezastaviteln\u00e9ho vzty\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavy. Proto i rok 1989 m\u011bl v\u00a0Polsku jinou podobu a p\u0159i\u0161el d\u0159\u00edv ne\u017e u n\u00e1s. Tam byl v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b plynul\u00fdm p\u0159echodem v\u0161ech proces\u016f ve spole\u010dnosti, prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch u\u017e od 14. prosince 1981. V\u00a0prosinci 1981 v\u00a0Polsku komunist\u00e9 nevyhr\u00e1li, jakkoli zasadili Solidarit\u011b velk\u00fd strategick\u00fd \u00fader. Naopak, zad\u011blali na sv\u016fj konec.<\/p>\n
Zdroj<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety, v\u00a0ned\u011bli 13. prosince 1981, se ve\u010der na kolej V\u011btrn\u00edk na Pet\u0159in\u00e1ch vraceli studenti od sv\u00fdch maminek na posledn\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed t\u00fdden. Vraceli se i m\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00ed spolubydl\u00edc\u00ed, t\u0159eba Ivan z\u00a0\u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic. Snad to byl zrovna on, kdo ze sv\u00e9 kabely vyt\u00e1hl mal\u00fd tranzistor\u00e1k a pustil ho. A u\u017e po p\u00e1r minut\u00e1ch jsme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1392"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1393,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions\/1393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}