Ladislav Jakl, publicista a rocker<\/p>\n
Futuristick\u00fdm liter\u00e1rn\u00edm a filmov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm jsme si zvykli \u0159\u00edkat Sci-Fi, tedy v\u011bdecko-fantastick\u00e9, i kdy\u017e v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b na nich nen\u00ed \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00e9ho\u201c v\u016fbec nic. To jen zlomek z tohoto \u017e\u00e1nru se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 hypot\u00e9zou, co s \u010dlov\u011bkem u\u010din\u00ed ten \u010di onen potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd technick\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez.<\/em><\/p>\n Pro ostatn\u00ed autor autory jde v z\u00e1sad\u011b o \u017e\u00e1nr \u00fanikov\u00fd. Cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159edstavit n\u011bjak\u00e9 velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e nemo\u017en\u00e9 situace a d\u011bje, a tak je posunou do sv\u011bta sv\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy o tom, jak by eventu\u00e1ln\u011b mohla vypadat budoucnost, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u0161e.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Probl\u00e9m ale nen\u00ed jen v onom Sci<\/strong>, ale i v t\u00e9 fantazii, tedy ve Fi<\/strong>. Jen se pod\u00edvejme, jak\u00e9 v\u0161echny teleportace a um\u011bl\u00e9 gravitace b\u00fdvaj\u00ed samoz\u0159ejmou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch d\u011bl tohoto \u017e\u00e1nru coby berli\u010dka z lenosti, ale oby\u010dejn\u00fd chytr\u00fd telefon, jak\u00fd maj\u00ed dnes miliardy lid\u00ed, nen\u00ed ve \u010dty\u0159icet a v\u00edce let star\u00fdch Sci-Fi filmech a knih\u00e1ch vyobrazen ani jednou. Leda n\u011bjak\u00e9 hloup\u00e9 komunik\u00e1tory, jak\u00e9 by dnes rodi\u010de nekoupili ani p\u011btilet\u00fdm d\u011btem.<\/p>\n P\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e1 iluze?<\/strong><\/p>\n Jestli\u017ee o v\u011bdu tedy nejde a o fantazii jen z\u010d\u00e1sti, pro\u010d tolik autor\u016f, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f a div\u00e1k\u016f ut\u00edk\u00e1 k futurismu a dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1nr\u016fm? Hledaj\u00ed v budoucnosti Platonovu Utopii. Hledaj\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bt. Sv\u011bt, ve kter\u00e9m se ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobody, soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed, politick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. To v\u0161e je v naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b t\u011bchto d\u011bl u\u017e d\u00e1vno vy\u0159e\u0161eno. V\u0161ude vid\u00edme kolektivistickou, centr\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159\u00edzenou civilizaci (nebo civilizaci civilizac\u00ed), kde neznaj\u00ed pen\u00edze, sout\u011b\u017e idej\u00ed, ob\u010dansk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, smlouvy, obchod, voln\u00fd trh. Navzdory v\u0161elijak\u00fdm prom\u00edchan\u00fdm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm ras\u00e1m b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161ichni poslu\u0161n\u011b navle\u010deni do n\u011bjak\u00fdch polovojensk\u00fdch kombin\u00e9z.<\/p>\n Tito auto\u0159i jaksi automaticky p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee kapitalismus se v budoucnu stane odlo\u017een\u00fdm haraburd\u00edm, v\u0161e bude pat\u0159it v\u0161em, ka\u017ed\u00fd podle sv\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00e9mu podle jeho pot\u0159eb. Sv\u011bt Sci-Fi je v naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b sv\u011btem absolutn\u00edho komunismu. Re\u00e1ln\u00fd \u017eivot tak nep\u0159ek\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm o objevov\u00e1n\u00ed, o konfliktu s nep\u0159\u00e1telskou civilizac\u00ed, o cestov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasem a z\u00e1pletk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 takov\u00e9 cestov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n Bu\u010fme f\u00e9rov\u00ed a vezm\u011bme do ruky n\u011bjakou svou obl\u00edbenou kn\u00ed\u017eku z ml\u00e1d\u00ed s tzv. v\u011bdecko-fantastickou t\u00e9matikou. Je to tam. Auto\u0159i posouvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy do budoucnosti ne kv\u016fli z\u00edskan\u00e9 volnosti u\u017e\u00edvat v\u0161elijak\u00e9 technick\u00e9 rekvizity, proto\u017ee ty by p\u0159ece mohli pou\u017e\u00edt i v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch situovan\u00fdch do dne\u0161ka. V\u017edy\u0165 u\u017e dnes m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdo p\u0159ij\u00edt s n\u011bjak\u00fdm velk\u00fdm ne\u010dekan\u00fdm objevem \u010di inovac\u00ed. Ne, ti auto\u0159i se dne\u0161ka pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zbavit, aby se jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh mohl odehr\u00e1vat v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. V ide\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n A pak tu je oblast pod\u017e\u00e1nru, kter\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edkat dystopie neboli antiutopie. V\u010detn\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 t\u00e9matiky postapokalypsy. Ale pozor, i sem n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed prosakovat sv\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o ide\u00e1ln\u00edm komunitn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, proto\u017ee za apokalypsu u nich obvykle m\u016f\u017ee bur\u017eoazn\u00ed pacht\u011bn\u00ed se po moci a po zisku, zat\u00edmco obnovu sv\u011bta p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed my\u0161lenka nov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n N\u011bkter\u00e9 dystopie jsou jistou karikaturou (Bo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk se Sylvestrem Stalonem a Sandrou Bullockovou nebo legend\u00e1rn\u00ed polsk\u00e1 Sexmise) u\u017e dnes exituj\u00edc\u00edch tendenc\u00ed po vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed omyvateln\u00e9ho teflonov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta bez zka\u017eenosti, h\u0159\u00edchu, spor\u016f – a tedy bez norm\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota. A nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee v obou filmech p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bt\u201c n\u011bkde v podzem\u00ed jako dokonal\u00fd obraz doslovn\u00e9ho undergroundu (k \u010demu\u017e se skv\u011ble hodily i scen\u00e9rie soln\u00fdch dol\u016f u m\u011bste\u010dka Wieliczka).<\/p>\n Spole\u010dnost bez \u010dlov\u011b\u010denstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n Ale m\u00e1me tu i z\u00e1sadn\u00ed filosofuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 dystopie o tom, kam m\u016f\u017ee touha lid\u00ed po dokonal\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b doj\u00edt. Ke spole\u010dnosti bez v\u016fle, bez svobody, bez v\u00e1\u0161n\u011b, bez soukrom\u00ed, bez osobn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Mraziv\u00e9 kulisy supermodern\u00ed v\u0161e\u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed diktatury se hod\u00ed pro beznad\u011bjn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o procitnut\u00ed a vzpou\u0159e jednotlivc\u016f. Bylo mi 14, kdy\u017e mi Huxley se sv\u00fdm B\u00e1je\u010dn\u00fdm nov\u00fdm sv\u011btem obr\u00e1til \u017eivot vzh\u016fru nohama. Nav\u017edy. U n\u011bj, u Orwella \u010di u Bradburryho najdeme ten vyhrocen\u00fd boj mezi dobrem a svobodou. A tak\u00e9 odpov\u011b\u010f, \u017ee kdo zvol\u00ed v tomto dilematu dobro, ob\u011btuje nejd\u0159\u00edve svobodu, aby mu pak k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9 dobro zmutovalo do zla v nejd\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Mnoh\u00e9 z n\u00e1s napadlo, jak jen auto\u0159i on\u011bch slavn\u00fdch dystopij\u00ed ke sv\u00fdm obraz\u016fm temn\u00e9 budoucnosti do\u0161li. Odpov\u011b\u010f je prajednoduch\u00e1. Prostou aproximac\u00ed. Zmapovali ned\u00e1vnou minulost, demaskovali nelichotivou sou\u010dasnost, a pak prot\u00e1hli tento v\u00fdvoj po p\u0159\u00edmce nebo dokonce po n\u011bjak\u00e9 exponenci\u00e1le do budoucnosti. A muselo jim z toho vyl\u00e9zt peklo. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e do toho p\u0159im\u00edchali lidskou slabost v podob\u011b v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 touhy po distribuci v\u00fdhod nam\u00edsto oby\u010dejn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 volnosti.<\/p>\n Kolektivistick\u00e1 vize!<\/strong><\/p>\n Na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee utopie a antiutopie jsou sv\u00fdm opakem. Je tam p\u0159ece ta p\u0159edpona -anti. Je tam p\u0159ece ten ohromn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi budoucnost\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, cht\u011bnou a naopak tou nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159ed kterou je nutno varovat. Jen\u017ee ono to tak, bohu\u017eel, nen\u00ed. Co je pro romantick\u00e9 autory s naivn\u00edm sklonem k utopick\u00e9mu idealistick\u00e9mu kolektivismu viz\u00ed nad\u011bjnou, kr\u00e1snou a z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, to je pro lidi p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed hloub\u011bji temnou viz\u00ed. Pro lidi s individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159ebou svobody, pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee trampoty \u017eivota ve svobod\u011b jsou tis\u00edckr\u00e1t cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e bezpe\u010d\u00ed v \u0159\u00edzn\u00e9 diktatu\u0159e, je nebe utopist\u016f peklem totality.<\/p>\n V dystopii \u010di postapokalyptick\u00e9 \u00e9\u0159e nikdo \u017e\u00edt nechceme. Ale necht\u011bjme \u017e\u00edt ani v ide\u00e1ln\u00ed utopii. Je to toti\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti tot\u00e9\u017e. A pro\u010d o tom dnes ps\u00e1t a mluvit, kdy\u017e se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 dalek\u00e9 budoucnosti? Kdepak, budoucnosti za\u010dala v\u010dera. A zat\u00edmco my si tady p\u00ed\u0161eme, v pohodl\u00ed \u010dteme a mudrujeme, tam venku u\u017e se rod\u00ed Brave New World. <\/p>\n Ps\u00e1no pro \u010dervnov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo \u010dasopisu TO<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ladislav Jakl, publicista a rocker Futuristick\u00fdm liter\u00e1rn\u00edm a filmov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm jsme si zvykli \u0159\u00edkat Sci-Fi, tedy v\u011bdecko-fantastick\u00e9, i kdy\u017e v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b na nich nen\u00ed \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00e9ho\u201c v\u016fbec nic. To jen zlomek z tohoto \u017e\u00e1nru se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 hypot\u00e9zou, co s \u010dlov\u011bkem u\u010din\u00ed ten \u010di onen potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd technick\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez. Pro ostatn\u00ed autor autory jde v z\u00e1sad\u011b o \u017e\u00e1nr \u00fanikov\u00fd. Cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159edstavit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14275"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14277,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14275\/revisions\/14277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}