{"id":14313,"date":"2024-08-08T13:03:14","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T11:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=14313"},"modified":"2024-08-08T13:03:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T11:03:33","slug":"kompas-aneb-kdo-ma-monopol-na-zapadnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=14313","title":{"rendered":"Kompas aneb kdo m\u00e1 monopol na z\u00e1padnost?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161ude sly\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee se m\u00e1me orientovat na Z\u00e1pad. No jo, ale to je \u010dir\u00fd protimluv. Orientace, to toti\u017e doslova znamen\u00e1 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed se na v\u00fdchod. Ono slovo orient p\u0159ece znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdchod. A tak\u00e9 V\u00fdchod. Ale takov\u00e9 mudrov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1m jen kaz\u00ed h\u00e1jen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch hodnot. T\u011bch z\u00e1padn\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A co to jsou ony \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00ed hodnoty\u201c? Tak to m\u00e1te \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee jdu zrovna kolem. N\u011bco o tom toti\u017e v\u00edm. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee jsem ze Z\u00e1padu. Vy ostatn\u00ed jste proti mn\u011b V\u00fdchodniari. Narodil jsem se toti\u017e v Chebu. Kdo z v\u00e1s z\u00e1padn\u011bji? Nikdo. Tak vid\u00edte. Tak\u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed hodnoty jsou ty moje, vy ostatn\u00ed si h\u00fd\u010dkejte ty sv\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00fdchodn\u00ed. Anebo je\u0161t\u011b jinak. Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou opakem slova z\u00e1pad slovo v\u00fdpad? Proto\u017ee pak by bylo opakem slova v\u00fdchod slovo z\u00e1chod. Zach\u00e1zej a vypadni. Vych\u00e1zej a zapadni.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u011b jsem se nesna\u017eil o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vesel\u00fd \u00favod. Cht\u011bl jsem pouze ilustrovat, jak to m\u00e1 hodn\u011b lid\u00ed kolem n\u00e1s. Sly\u0161\u00edme to od nich, vid\u00edme to na nich. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed hodnoty jsou ty jejich. Jak\u00e9koli odli\u0161n\u00e9 jsou pak ty v\u00fdchodn\u00ed. A je jedno, jestli se narodili v Chebu nebo v T\u0159inci.<\/p>\n

Vymezen\u00ed z\u00e1padu a Z\u00e1padu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1pad je n\u011bco v\u00edc ne\u017e zbytek sv\u011bta, to si tak n\u011bjak intuitivn\u011b mysl\u00edme v\u0161ichni. Jen m\u00e1lo se ale zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme nad t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm je Z\u00e1pad vymezen a co k n\u011bmu pat\u0159\u00ed. Pokud je vymezen geograficky, mohl bych p\u0159ij\u00edt s t\u00edm Chebem. Ale s t\u00edm jsem u\u017e p\u0159ed 45 lety v Praze narazil. Narazil jsem na tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee V\u00fdchod za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v Karl\u00edn\u011b. Prost\u011b odtamtud d\u00e1l tamt\u00edm sm\u011brem u\u017e je v\u0161echno jinak, i lidi tam vypadaj\u00ed trochu jinak. Podle jin\u00e9 teorie jsou onou hranic\u00ed \u0158\u00ed\u010dany \u2013 a za nimi u\u017e se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 Za\u0159\u00ed\u010dansk\u00e1 Rus.<\/p>\n

To ur\u010dit\u011b zn\u00e1te, jak ti dva Jakuti vyraz\u00ed z posledn\u00ed vesni\u010dky d\u00e1l na v\u00fdchod do tajgy, tu jeden z nich, co um\u00ed \u010d\u00edst, ukazuje druh\u00e9mu ceduli: \u201eHele, tady je \u0161ipka, \u017ee \u0161est tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f v\u00fdchodn\u011b od n\u00e1s je n\u011bjak\u00e9 Losend\u017els. To mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ale pr.el.\u201c Ano, ka\u017ed\u00fd metr na V\u00fdchod civilizace ub\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee. Nebo se alespo\u0148 civilizace z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed. To n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edkali. A tam \u00fapln\u011b nejd\u00e1l, na konci sv\u011bta, tam je V\u00fdchod nejv\u00fdchodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zem\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce. Dnes tuto zemi p\u0159es mnoh\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mnoz\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Z\u00e1padu, ne\u017e se tak ale stalo, musely j\u00ed k tomu pomoci dv\u011b jadern\u00e9 bomby. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si n\u011bkdo mysl\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 terapie by zabrala i na jin\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

S on\u00edm vymezen\u00edm, co je vlastn\u011b Z\u00e1pad a co je V\u00fdchod, je to v\u016fbec slo\u017eit\u00e9. \u017de by t\u00edm vod\u00edtkem bylo n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed? My, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci civilizace postaven\u00e9 na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech, budeme t\u00edm Z\u00e1padem, zat\u00edmco kde p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jin\u00e1, tam to bude asi V\u00fdchod. Jen\u017ee Z\u00e1pad se n\u00e1m trochu sekularizuje, zat\u00edmco Japonsko po dvou bomb\u00e1ch\u2026, to u\u017e jsme si \u0159\u00edkali. Ale hlavn\u011b: k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 je i Rusko, a to p\u0159ece v z\u00e1padn\u00ed rodin\u011b nechceme.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdchod a pravoslav\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak k V\u00fdchodu p\u0159ifa\u0159\u00edme i pravoslavn\u00e9 zem\u011b. D\u00e1valo by to smysl, proto\u017ee zat\u00edmco katolick\u00fd Z\u00e1pad se vid\u011bl ve st\u0159edov\u011bku za pokra\u010dovatele Z\u00e1padn\u00edho \u0158\u00edma, pravoslav\u00ed vze\u0161lo z V\u00fdchodn\u00edho \u0158\u00edma, z Byzance. Jen\u017ee ono to m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017e. Po vzniku protestanstv\u00ed a reformovan\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00ed se n\u00e1m ten Z\u00e1pad trochu rozpadl. Co\u017e ilustruje i fakt, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a panovnick\u00e9 \u0161lechty v pravoslavn\u00e9m carsk\u00e9m Rusku m\u011bli zak\u00e1z\u00e1no br\u00e1t si za man\u017eele \u010d\u00ed man\u017eelky katol\u00edky, s protestantsk\u00fdmi prusk\u00fdmi, nizozemsk\u00fdmi \u010di britsk\u00fdmi rody se ale k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili osto\u0161est. To by pak ale znamenalo, \u017ee protestansk\u00e9 zem\u011b v\u010detn\u011b USA bychom za\u0159adili k V\u00fdchodu, a to bychom v tom m\u011bli u\u017e \u00fapln\u00fd zmatek.<\/p>\n

A co p\u00edsmo? Z\u00e1pad rovn\u00e1 se latinka. A ty ostatn\u00ed klikyh\u00e1ky, to bude V\u00fdchod. (Krom\u011b t\u00e9 s t\u011bmi bombami, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b.) Ale co takov\u00e1 Ukrajina? Ale to se d\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it. Zavedeme dekretem na Ukrajin\u011b latinku, ty jejich bukvy jsou dost podez\u0159el\u00e9. U\u017e to, \u017ee je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i podez\u0159el\u00ed Srbov\u00e9. No jo, ale co \u0158ecko? Tak jim taky vnut\u00edme latinku. \u017de oni maj\u00ed to p\u00edsmo z dob, kdy jsme my je\u0161t\u011b lezli po stromech? Kdo by se zab\u00fdval takov\u00fdm detailem. P\u00edsmo coby rozli\u0161ovac\u00ed znak V\u00fdchodu a Z\u00e1padu vypad\u00e1 nad\u011bjn\u011b. M\u00e1 to ale jeden h\u00e1\u010dek. Lid\u00e9 budou muset z\u016fstat gramotn\u00ed. Co\u017e je v rozporu s jednou z hlavn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch hodnot, j\u00ed\u017e je neobt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed n\u011bjakou v\u00fdukou.<\/p>\n

Moll a kuchyn\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

A co takhle hudba? Kdy\u017e Bavo\u0159i, Raku\u0161\u00e1ci nebo \u010ce\u0161i spust\u00ed tu svou, \u0159in\u010d\u00ed vzduchem kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 dur. Ale kdy\u017e se v\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed zdolat n\u00e1strahy D1, usly\u0161\u00edte \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji tkliv\u00e9 moll. A d\u00e1l u\u017e jen pentatoniky a v\u0161elijak\u00e9 divn\u00e9 p\u016flt\u00f3ny a kakofonie. Prost\u011b orient.<\/p>\n

Nebo m\u016f\u017eeme zkusit hledat z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u011bly v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch kuchyn\u00edch a stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch, v kroj\u00edch, v ritu\u00e1lech, zvyc\u00edch, jazykov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch\u2026 Na etnick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly se rad\u011bji vyka\u0161leme, to je minov\u00e9 pole. Zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je si \u0159\u00edct, jestli je z\u00e1padnost a v\u00fdchodnost vlastnost\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, n\u00e1roda, st\u00e1tu \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e ka\u017ed\u00e9ho individua. Pokud to posledn\u00ed, pak by jist\u011b byla zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 studie o tom, \u010d\u00edm se z migruj\u00edc\u00edho V\u00fdcho\u010f\u00e1ka stane \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd Z\u00e1pa\u010f\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Dnes to fakt vypad\u00e1, \u017ee pat\u0159it na Z\u00e1pad p\u0159edstavuje deklarovan\u00e1 ochota dan\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed reprezentace odez\u00edrat ze spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch rt\u016f. V\u0161e ostatn\u00ed je projevem orientace na Orient. \u0160ermov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1padnost\u00ed je tak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 k cejchov\u00e1n\u00ed a ostrakizaci nepohodln\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f a jejich nositel\u016f.<\/p>\n

Privatizace Z\u00e1padu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ale ze v\u0161eho je nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc jin\u00e1. Snaha si \u201ez\u00e1padnost\u201c p\u0159ivlastnit, monopolizovat si ji pro jen jeden z mnoha mo\u017en\u00fdch, legitimn\u00edch a autentick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f ke sv\u011btu, ke spole\u010dnosti a ke vztahu st\u00e1tu a jednotlivce. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to monopolizace to \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed naplno, kdy\u017e Z\u00e1pad ztoto\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed s pojmem liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie. Nejde te\u010f jen o to, \u017ee demokracie s jak\u00fdmkoli p\u0159\u00edvlastkem u\u017e nen\u00ed demokraci\u00ed a \u017ee mezi demokraci\u00ed a liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokraci\u00ed je stejn\u00fd rozd\u00edl jako mezi aktem a pietn\u00edm aktem. Jde tu hlavn\u011b o to, \u017ee liber\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd koncept je v r\u00e1mci demokracie jen jedn\u00edm ze sout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch a komplement\u00e1rn\u011b se dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. A \u017ee ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed \u201eZ\u00e1padu\u201c ve smyslu na\u0161eho domova v\u00fdhradn\u011b s jednou z variant ideologick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, znamen\u00e1 postavit v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 koncepty do autu.<\/p>\n

Pokud tedy on\u011bmi hodnotami Z\u00e1padu jsou jen hodnoty, kter\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161kola liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, pak n\u00e1m asi nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e si ponechat azimuty v\u0161echny. Anebo mus\u00edme trvat na tom \u017ee \u201ez\u00e1padnost\u201c se neposuzuje jen podle v\u011brnosti v\u016f\u010di progresivistick\u00e9 liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracii.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce dovol\u00edme zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed definice \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00edch hodnot\u201c, t\u00edm v\u00edce podpo\u0159\u00edme vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f ke sv\u011btu, kter\u00e9 se do t\u00e9to definice nehod\u00ed, z rodiny n\u00e1s spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch Z\u00e1pa\u010f\u00e1k\u016f. Proto bychom si m\u011bli vysta\u010dit s definic\u00ed co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. A kdy\u017e toto sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed definici Z\u00e1padu prohrajeme, budi\u017e. \u201eOni\u201c budou m\u00edt holt monopol na \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00ed hodnoty\u201c, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1m posta\u010d\u00ed hodnoty obecn\u011b lidsk\u00e9. Svoboda jednotlivce, ochrana soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed a garance dobrovoln\u00e9 smlouvy.<\/p>\n

Teprve tehdy, kdy\u017e n\u00e1m tato nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed definice p\u0159estane sta\u010dit, za\u010dneme hledat dal\u0161\u00ed specifick\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovac\u00ed znaky na\u0161\u00ed kultury (jakkoli je \u00faskal\u00edm u\u017e ono vymezen\u00ed \u201ena\u0161e\u201c). Pak budeme objevovat specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy t\u0159eba ke kolektivismu \u010di rodin\u011b, ke spole\u010densk\u00e9 tradici, pak za\u010dneme objevovat, co to ten Z\u00e1pad m\u00e1 vlastn\u011b b\u00fdt. A ne \u017ee n\u00e1m to n\u011bkdo shora ur\u010d\u00ed a rozt\u0159\u00edd\u00ed n\u00e1s podle toho, jestli pat\u0159\u00edme do \u0161iku, nebo zda budeme vypuzeni a odvr\u017eeni.<\/p>\n

A mimochodem, pro\u010d zrovna te\u010f v l\u00e9t\u011b \u2013 v dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho vedra \u2013 m\u00e1 tolik lid\u00ed nutk\u00e1n\u00ed objevovat hodnoty ji\u017en\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Ps\u00e1no pro \u010dervencov\u00fd \u010dasopis TO<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0161ude sly\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee se m\u00e1me orientovat na Z\u00e1pad. No jo, ale to je \u010dir\u00fd protimluv. Orientace, to toti\u017e doslova znamen\u00e1 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed se na v\u00fdchod. Ono slovo orient p\u0159ece znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdchod. A tak\u00e9 V\u00fdchod. Ale takov\u00e9 mudrov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1m jen kaz\u00ed h\u00e1jen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch hodnot. T\u011bch z\u00e1padn\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14315,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14313\/revisions\/14315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}