{"id":14952,"date":"2025-12-04T12:59:51","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T11:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=14952"},"modified":"2025-12-04T12:59:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T11:59:51","slug":"emoce-na-lavici-obzalovanych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=14952","title":{"rendered":"Emoce na lavici ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zavra\u017ed\u00edte na ulici dva lidi. Sp\u00e1ch\u00e1te t\u00edm hnusn\u00fd zlo\u010din a zp\u016fsob\u00edte nezm\u011brn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdm a poz\u016fstal\u00fdm. Zaslou\u017e\u00edte trest podle trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Soudce podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed zvol\u00ed trest na spodn\u00ed hranici p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 sazby, v jej\u00edm prost\u0159edku nebo p\u0159i horn\u00ed hranici.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u017e sem tomu v\u0161ichni rozum\u00edme. Ne\u017e se za\u010dneme zaob\u00edrat t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 sazba nen\u00ed jedna, ale je jich n\u011bkolik. Ne, nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na m\u00ed\u0159e va\u0161\u00ed brutality \u010di utrpen\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed, nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na m\u00ed\u0159e \u00fakladnosti, nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 projeven\u00e9 l\u00edtosti. To v\u0161e se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 mezi zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 \u201er\u016fzn\u00e9 okolnosti\u201c, podle kter\u00fdch soud vol\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161i trestu v r\u00e1mci dan\u00e9 sazby. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na motivaci. Na jej\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b je soud v\u00e1z\u00e1n ulo\u017een\u00edm trestu v z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161n\u011b stanoven\u00fdch mez\u00edch.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zabijete je pro pen\u00edze? Ze vzteku? Z bezcitnosti? Pro z\u00e1bavu? V\u0161echno jedno. Zabijete je kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee m\u011bli vlasy rovn\u00e9, dlouh\u00e9 a hn\u011bd\u00e9 a o v\u00e1s je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee lidi s takov\u00fdmi vlasy nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00edte? Soud nem\u00e1 jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e v\u00e1m d\u00e1t trest v jin\u00e9, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sazb\u011b.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Motivace<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nikdy jsem nesouhlasil s t\u00edm, aby motivace k n\u00e1siln\u00e9mu trestn\u00e9mu \u010dinu zakl\u00e1dala jeho za\u0159azen\u00ed do jinak vymezen\u00e9 trestn\u00ed sazby. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b kdyby se k motivaci p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eelo jako k jedn\u00e9 z okolnost\u00ed p\u0159i volb\u011b trestu uvnit\u0159 jedn\u00e9 sazby, dobr\u00e1. Ale aby byla d\u016fvodem, pro kter\u00fd soudce mus\u00ed s\u00e1hnout povinn\u011b k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sazb\u011b ne\u017e u stejn\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, sp\u00e1chan\u00e9ho z jin\u00fdch pohnutek, to se mi v\u017edy zd\u00e1lo b\u00fdt divn\u00fdm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rozum\u00edm argument\u016fm obh\u00e1jc\u016f takov\u00e9 \u00fapravy. R\u016fzn\u00e9 motivace \u00fadajn\u011b zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fznou m\u00edru spole\u010densk\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dnosti v tom, \u017ee zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fznou tendenci pachatel\u016f k opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010dinu nebo je u nich vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1\u017en\u011b? Co\u017e zn\u00e1me z historie kriminalistiky m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s\u00e9riov\u00fdch vrah\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zab\u00edjeli ze sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di sadistick\u00fdch pohnutek? Copak zab\u00edjen\u00ed kv\u016fli n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jazyku \u010di barv\u011b vlas\u016f u s\u00e9riov\u00fdch vrah\u016f n\u011bjak dominuje? Tady nen\u00ed \u0159e\u010d o terorismu, to je jin\u00fd typ kriminality, tady je \u0159e\u010d o vraz\u00edch z detektivek.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d m\u00e1me tendenci na n\u011bkter\u00e9 pohnutky k vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed pohl\u00ed\u017eet shov\u00edvav\u011bji ne\u017e na jin\u00e9, bez ohledu na zp\u016fsob proveden\u00ed zlo\u010dinu? Proto\u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch z n\u00e1s pu\u010d\u00ed neodolateln\u00e1 touha soudit my\u0161lenky a emoce. Proto\u017ee si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee jejich odsouzen\u00edm je vym\u00fdt\u00edme z lidsk\u00fdch charakter\u016f a t\u00edm stvo\u0159\u00edme nov\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka pro spole\u010dnost budoucnosti. Je to projev soci\u00e1ln\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a nic jin\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V na\u0161em trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu m\u00e1me i trestn\u00fd \u010din \u201epodn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00e1visti\u201c. Nen\u00e1vist pat\u0159\u00ed mezi emoce. Jako strach, v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148, radost, odpor, l\u00e1ska, obdiv, despekt, pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Lze je podn\u011bcovat v\u0161elijak. T\u0159eba hudbou m\u016f\u017eeme podn\u011bcovat melancholii, smutek, radost \u010di rozko\u0161. Emoce jsou pozitivn\u00ed i negativn\u00ed, ale mnohdy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed i na kontextu, v\u016f\u010di komu a za jak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed se vztahuj\u00ed. Je projeven\u00ed nelibosti podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00edm nen\u00e1visti nebo dokonce nab\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm k trestn\u00e9mu \u010dinu?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V na\u0161em trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu m\u00e1me nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed k trestn\u00e9mu \u010dinu. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i explicitn\u00ed podobu spolu\u00fa\u010dasti na zlo\u010dinu. Ale opravdu se n\u00e1m zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm obavy, strachu, obez\u0159etnosti a mo\u017en\u00e1 i \u0161t\u00edtivosti m\u016f\u017eeme n\u011bkoho nav\u00e9st ke krvav\u00e9mu zlo\u010dinu? To jsou lid\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fdmi roboty bez v\u016fle a vlastn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010clov\u011bk mus\u00ed v\u017edy a za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed odpov\u00eddat za sv\u00e9 \u010diny. Zd\u00e1 se ale, \u017ee v obecn\u00e9m ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, a hlavn\u011b v trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu i justi\u010dn\u00ed praxi se smaz\u00e1v\u00e1 absolutn\u011b kardin\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi vra\u017edou a zhnusen\u00edm, mezi ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm a stran\u011bn\u00edm se, mezi v\u00fdk\u0159iky a nejsprost\u0161\u00ed kriminalitou. Kon\u00e1me tak dv\u011b nespravedlnosti v jednom. Soud\u00edme (ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m i v justi\u010dn\u00edm smyslu) za city, pocity, n\u00e1lady, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159irozenost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, a sou\u010dasn\u011b tak trochu vyvi\u0148ujeme skute\u010dn\u00e9 pachatele skute\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, proto\u017ee ti jsou p\u0159ece jen jak\u00fdmisi produkty atmosf\u00e9ry, kterou stvo\u0159ili jin\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e poslouch\u00e1m texty punkov\u00fdch kapel ze sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let o tom, jak je t\u0159eba sn\u00edst krava\u0165\u00e1ky, zprznit jim dcery, sp\u00e1lit banky a zav\u00e9st spravedlnost, kdy v\u0161ichni budou m\u00edt stejn\u011b, pomysl\u00edm si o autorech, \u017ee jsou to pitomci. Ale ur\u010dit\u011b by m\u011b nenapadlo z nich d\u011blat p\u016fvodce p\u0159\u00edpadu, kdy parta v\u00fdrostk\u016f brut\u00e1ln\u011b zavra\u017ed\u00ed dob\u0159e situovan\u00fd man\u017eelsk\u00fd p\u00e1r, proto\u017ee se jim l\u00edb\u00ed jejich bour\u00e1k.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi emoc\u00ed a zlo\u010dinem je nekone\u010dn\u00e1 propast. Mezi b\u00e1sn\u00ed a vra\u017edou tak\u00e9. Tenhle p\u0159\u00edkop bych rad\u011bji nezasyp\u00e1val.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010casopis TO 11\/2025<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zavra\u017ed\u00edte na ulici dva lidi. Sp\u00e1ch\u00e1te t\u00edm hnusn\u00fd zlo\u010din a zp\u016fsob\u00edte nezm\u011brn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdm a poz\u016fstal\u00fdm. Zaslou\u017e\u00edte trest podle trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Soudce podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed zvol\u00ed trest na spodn\u00ed hranici p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 sazby, v jej\u00edm prost\u0159edku nebo p\u0159i horn\u00ed hranici.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14953,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14952\/revisions\/14953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}