{"id":15561,"date":"2026-10-11T08:26:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T06:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=15561"},"modified":"2026-10-11T08:27:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T06:27:12","slug":"nenavist-stara-nenavist-nova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=15561","title":{"rendered":"Nen\u00e1vist star\u00e1, nen\u00e1vist nov\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ho\u0159ekovat nad rostouc\u00ed nasycenost\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nen\u00e1vist\u00ed trochu zav\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u00fd\u0161eneck\u00fdm moralismem. Oni ti druz\u00ed jsou nen\u00e1vistn\u00ed primitivov\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1s u\u0161lechtil\u00fdch rozdava\u010d\u016f vl\u00eddnosti a pochopen\u00ed. P\u0159esto toto t\u00e9ma \u00fapln\u011b ignorovat nelze. Nen\u00e1vist je prost\u011b \u0161l\u00e1gr dne\u0161ka.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je nutno opakovat, \u017ee nen\u00e1vist je emoce. A to emoce zcela legitimn\u00ed a p\u0159irozen\u00e1. Je to vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 nesouhlasu, odporu, obav i zklam\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokou\u0161et se vym\u00fdtit nen\u00e1vist znamen\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt nov\u00e9ho teflonov\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka zbaven\u00e9ho nejen nen\u00e1visti, ale i dal\u0161\u00edch cit\u016f, pocit\u016f a emoc\u00ed. N\u011bco jin\u00e9ho jsou u\u017e \u010diny nen\u00e1vist\u00ed veden\u00e9. T\u011bm je t\u0159eba zamezovat, chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed nimi, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je trestat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1vist coby motiv trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu je podle na\u0161eho trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost\u00ed. Za sebe \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee bohu\u017eel. Pokud v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo \u00famysln\u011b ubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1m t\u0159eba u\u0159\u00edzne nohu, je v\u00e1m vcelku jedno, z jak\u00e9ho motivu to provedl. Hlavn\u00ed je pro v\u00e1s \u00fajma, proto\u017ee ona noha p\u0159es jist\u00e9 vady pat\u0159ila mezi va\u0161e obl\u00edben\u00e9. A od zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed motivace k zlo\u010dinu byl u\u017e jeden krok k tomu, aby se nen\u00e1vist sama stala trestnou. A trestat (a vlastn\u011b v\u016fbec zkoumat a posuzovat) emoce je velice sporn\u00e9. A trestn\u00e9 je i tzv. podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00e1visti. A to u\u017e je hodn\u011b tenk\u00fd led. Podn\u011bcovat v n\u011bkom n\u011bjak\u00e9 n\u00e1lady je fakt n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e n\u00e1vod k trestn\u00e9mu \u010dinu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dosavadn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dky byly sp\u00ed\u0161e rekapitula\u010dn\u011b systemizuj\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee dne\u0161n\u00edm t\u00e9matem je (\u00fadajn\u00fd) n\u00e1r\u016fst nen\u00e1visti ve spole\u010dnosti. No, d\u0159\u00edv byla tr\u00e1va zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebe mod\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, a i ta nen\u00e1vist byla tak n\u011bjak bod\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed? Fakt? Na\u0161e vlast byla po stalet\u00ed d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ukrutnost\u00ed nejen p\u0159ivezen\u00fdch n\u00e1jezdn\u00edky, ale i t\u011bch dom\u00e1c\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na mezi etnick\u00fdmi, konfesijn\u00edmi a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi skupinami.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes je \u010desk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost asi nejhomogenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. N\u011bkdo to vid\u00ed jako p\u0159ednost, n\u011bkdo jako ochuzen\u00ed. Asi dolo\u017eiteln\u00fdm je ale fakt, \u017ee tato homogennost je jednou z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din toho, \u017ee jsme tak\u00e9 nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Ob\u010dasn\u00e9 problematick\u00e9 vztahy mezi majoritou a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi men\u0161inami tu zaznamenat pochopiteln\u011b lze, ale ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi i dalek\u00fdmi sousedy je to vlastn\u011b idylka.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1vist byla v\u017edy<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nen\u00e1vist jako t\u00e9ma je te\u010f u n\u00e1s v kursu. Jako kdyby \u0161lo o nov\u00fd jev. Nebo o kvalitativn\u011b novou \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdskytu tohohle jevu. Opravdu to tak je? Snadno zapom\u00edn\u00e1me, ale lidi se byli ned\u00e1vno schopni se do krve (n\u011bkdy doslova) poh\u00e1dat o tom, kter\u00e9mu herci, zp\u011bv\u00e1kovi nebo fotbalov\u00e9mu klubu je nutno fandit. V\u016fbec bych tyhle nen\u00e1visti nezleh\u010doval, dusno bylo i kolem r\u016fznosti ve vkusu a \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu. Pak jsme se h\u00e1dali o politice, ale trochu jinak ne\u017e dnes. Jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt dan\u011b, kam maj\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovat ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pen\u00edze, co m\u00e1 st\u00e1t hl\u00eddat a regulovat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O z\u00e1kazu kou\u0159en\u00ed se vedly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed spory t\u0159icet let p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e byl zaveden. Ale to vlastn\u011b taky souviselo s t\u00edm, jakou kdo roli p\u0159isuzoval instituc\u00edm, \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm a mocensk\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm. P\u0159edvolebn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra taky neb\u00fdvala \u017e\u00e1dnou selankou, h\u00e1zela se vaj\u00ed\u010dka, p\u0159emalov\u00e1valy plak\u00e1ty, naru\u0161ovala se ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 vystoupen\u00ed. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 postoupily nevra\u017eivosti kolem lokdaun\u016f a protiepidemick\u00fdch restrikc\u00ed. To rozd\u011blilo p\u0159\u00e1tele, rodiny, sousedy a kolegy v\u00edc ne\u017e v\u0161echny volby prezident\u016f. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee za\u010dal mnohem siln\u011bji fungovat fenom\u00e9n strachu. A z vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 ps\u00ed kusy. S vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00edm pracuje i dal\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9ma doby, kolem kter\u00e9ho l\u00e9taj\u00ed tuny nen\u00e1visti: boj o \u201eplanetu.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zkr\u00e1tka, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 selanka tu nebyla ani v d\u00e1vn\u00e9 a ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti. Tak pro\u010d se o nen\u00e1visti te\u010f mluv\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji a hlasit\u011bji ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edv? Mo\u017en\u00e1 to je kv\u016fli jevu, kter\u00fd lze nazvat de-socializac\u00ed. Vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm odcizen\u00edm skupin i jednotlivc\u016f. Sn\u00ed\u017eenou pot\u0159ebou pospolitosti a bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed komunikace. St\u0159ety b\u00fdvaly otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u010dasto prud\u0161\u00ed, ale n\u011bkdy si to nakonec \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci \u201evy\u0159\u00edkali\u201c. Nebo si vymezili prostor. A aspo\u0148 trochu vz\u00e1jemn\u011b pochopili sv\u00e1 v\u00fdchodiska.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00e1vist bez komunikace<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Te\u010f to vypad\u00e1 \u017ee na nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00ed a na sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00e1visti je ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m. Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho osobn\u00edho pro\u017eitku, kde by se v\u00edc poznalo, kdo je kdo. Te\u010f l\u00e9taj\u00ed elektronick\u00fdm komunika\u010dn\u00edm prostorem n\u00e1lepky, zkratky, podsunut\u00e9 sortov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161katulkov\u00e1n\u00ed. A tyhle jedy m\u00e1me st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost porovnat s autentickou zku\u0161enost\u00ed. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Za nen\u00e1vist se dnes tak\u00e9 lid\u00e9 daleko m\u00e9n\u011b styd\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edve z \u00fast tak trochu smrd\u011bla, ale dnes v\u00e1m spole\u010densk\u00e9 autority \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee jist\u00e9 typy nen\u00e1visti jsou nejen tolerovateln\u00e9, ale dokonce \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. A tak je tu st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fvod\u016f nen\u00e1vist a jej\u00ed projevy regulovat, kultivovat, ocho\u010dit, nasadit ko\u0161\u00edk a d\u00e1t na vod\u00edtko. Naopak, k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o spr\u00e1vnosti sv\u00fdch postoj\u016f sta\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u011b ideov\u011b nen\u00e1vid\u011bt. A to rovnou na \u00farovni deset z deseti. Pokud nen\u00e1vid\u00edte na \u00farovni t\u0159eba jen osm, stanete se v o\u010d\u00edch spr\u00e1vn\u011b plamenn\u011b nen\u00e1vid\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch kolaborantem s t\u011bmi druh\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Je jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak se pot\u00fdkat s dne\u0161n\u00ed formou nen\u00e1visti. B\u00fdt v\u00edce pospolu. Dru\u017eit se. Ne si jen ps\u00e1t. N\u011bco spolu za\u017e\u00edt. A ono se zpravidla uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee n\u00e1s toho daleko v\u00edc spojuje ne\u017e rozd\u011bluje.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ps\u00e1no pro \u010dasopis TO 09\/2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ho\u0159ekovat nad rostouc\u00ed nasycenost\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nen\u00e1vist\u00ed trochu zav\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u00fd\u0161eneck\u00fdm moralismem. Oni ti druz\u00ed jsou nen\u00e1vistn\u00ed primitivov\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1s u\u0161lechtil\u00fdch rozdava\u010d\u016f vl\u00eddnosti a pochopen\u00ed. P\u0159esto toto t\u00e9ma \u00fapln\u011b ignorovat nelze. Nen\u00e1vist je prost\u011b \u0161l\u00e1gr dne\u0161ka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15561"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15563,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15561\/revisions\/15563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}