(rozhovor L. Jakla pro t\u00fdden\u00edk Ekonom)<\/p>\n
E: Byla, s odstupem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvaceti let, nezbytn\u00e1 tak rychl\u00e1 a tak masov\u00e1 privatizace? V Polsku nebo v Ma\u010farsku tak rychle nepostupovali a k zastaven\u00ed transformace tam tak\u00e9 nedo\u0161lo.<\/strong><\/p>\n L. J.: V Ma\u010farsku i v Polsku existoval po celou dobu socialismu rozvinut\u00fd drobn\u00fd podnikatelsk\u00fd sektor, u n\u00e1s se musela privatizovat ka\u017ed\u00e1 trafika. Tak\u00e9 je pravdou, \u017ee v obou t\u011bchto zem\u00edch si firmy v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b divoce rozebraly jejich nomenklaturn\u00ed managementy bez vl\u00e1dn\u00edho projektu privatizace, co\u017e by u n\u00e1s – bohud\u00edk – nebylo politicky mo\u017en\u00e9. A tak\u00e9 si ob\u011b zem\u011b narozd\u00edl od n\u00e1s pot\u00e9 nesly dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e v podob\u011b velk\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu neprivatizovan\u00e9 ekonomiky. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00e1 alternativa „pomalej\u0161\u00ed“ privatizace tehdy ale neexistovala, kritici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vlastn\u00ed projekt nem\u011bli. V\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed by mnoh\u00e9 podniky v protahovan\u00e9m p\u0159edprivatiza\u010dn\u00edm provizoriu \u00fapln\u011b potopilo. Managementy dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed po\u0161kodit i firmy s re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edky, nato\u017e firmy, kde by se l\u00e9ta nev\u011bd\u011blo, kdo je vlastn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed a bude dr\u017eet. Na to by m\u011bli myslet v\u0161ichni, u kter\u00fdch slovo tunelov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ty obl\u00edben\u00e9.<\/p>\n E: Co si dnes mysl\u00ed o n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed snaze privatizovat majetek p\u0159ednostn\u011b do \u010desk\u00fdch rukou. Nebylo by lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce spol\u00e9hat na prodeje zahrani\u010dn\u00edm strategick\u00fdm partner\u016fm?<\/strong><\/p>\n L. J. Ani tato varianta nikdy re\u00e1ln\u011b neexistovala, o tom se dnes jen akademicky mluv\u00ed. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed subjekty m\u011bly z\u00e1jem jen o vybran\u00e9 podniky, touto cestou nelze privatizovat celou ekonomiku. Tak lze prodat jen atraktivn\u00ed tituly, co\u017e se v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159ece stalo.<\/p>\n E: Nep\u0159i\u0161la regulace akciov\u00e9ho trhu pozd\u011b? Majitel\u00e9 privatiza\u010dn\u00edch fond\u016f podle Tom\u00e1\u0161e Je\u017eka p\u0159ipravili vlastn\u00edky kup\u00f3n\u016f o 50 miliard korun. <\/strong><\/p>\n L. J. To \u010d\u00edslo nem\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00fd z\u00e1klad. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je naivn\u00ed si myslet, \u017ee s dne\u0161n\u00edmi pr\u00fd u\u017e lep\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1kony nelze o\u0161idit vlastn\u00edka \u010di akcion\u00e1\u0159e. D\u011bje se tak p\u0159ece i dnes a d\u011bje se tak i v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed regulaci nejpropracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tuto ot\u00e1zku je t\u0159eba kl\u00e1st t\u011bm, kdo dnes mluv\u00ed o tom, \u017ee tedy m\u011bli podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1pady v kapse. Tak pro\u010d je dali tehdy na st\u016fl? Ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: m\u011blo d\u0159\u00edv p\u0159ij\u00edt to dne\u0161n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed? To je tak skv\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee se na n\u011bj m\u011blo dvacet let \u010dekat a ned\u011blat nic?<\/p>\n E: Jakou roli v privatiza\u010dn\u00edm procesu sehr\u00e1la recese z let 1997 a 1998? <\/strong><\/p>\n L. J.: Recese ur\u010dit\u011b v\u017edy a v\u0161ude ochlad\u00ed z\u00e1jem investor\u016f o nov\u00e9 akvizice. Ale tato na\u0161e recese nepostihla ani tak samu privatizaci, kter\u00e1 tou dobou u\u017e byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dovr\u0161ena, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e dynamiku v\u00fdvoje ekonomiky a stav ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed na mnoho let.<\/p>\n E: Zast\u00e1v\u00e1 V. Klaus i te\u010f n\u00e1zor, \u017ee jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny byly hlavn\u011b politick\u00e9 a \u017ee spo\u010d\u00edvaly tak\u00e9 ve snaze zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bank a finan\u010dn\u00edch skupin z\u00edskat na druh\u00fd pokus pozice v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (ve smyslu jeho textu „Dynamika postkomunistick\u00e9 transformace a jej\u00ed alternativn\u00ed v\u00fdklady“ z roku 2004). <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n L. J. Motivy tehdej\u0161\u00edho uta\u017een\u00ed kohoutk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi do ekonomiky tekly nutn\u00e9 finance, byly nepochybn\u011b mocensk\u00e9. C\u00edlem nebylo nic men\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e mocensk\u00fd p\u0159evrat, ke kter\u00e9mu pak nakonec i pod t\u00edmto vlivem do\u0161lo. Aktivita zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bank byla sice spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm momentem tehdej\u0161\u00ed krize, daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv ale m\u011bla politika na\u0161\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky.<\/p>\n D\u011bkuji p\u0159edem, Josef Pravec<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" (rozhovor L. Jakla pro t\u00fdden\u00edk Ekonom) E: Byla, s odstupem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvaceti let, nezbytn\u00e1 tak rychl\u00e1 a tak masov\u00e1 privatizace? V Polsku nebo v Ma\u010farsku tak rychle nepostupovali a k zastaven\u00ed transformace tam tak\u00e9 nedo\u0161lo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rozhovory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3772"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3773,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772\/revisions\/3773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}