Kampa\u0148, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nal\u00e1kat klienty do fond\u016f tzv. druh\u00e9ho d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e, nab\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u017e skoro zoufal\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. Do televizn\u00edch reklam na z\u00e1chranu operace se zapojil u\u017e i cirkusov\u00fd slon, parti\u010dka komik\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed estr\u00e1dn\u00ed rekvizity. Vl\u00e1da uvolnila dal\u0161\u00edch 20 mili\u00f3n\u016f korun na vlastn\u00ed kampa\u0148. Projekt druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e toti\u017e naj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na m\u011bl\u010dinu a ti, kdo jsou na n\u011bm zainteresov\u00e1ni, propadaj\u00ed panice.<\/p>\n
Jak by ne. Po\u010det klient\u016f v\u0161ech fond\u016f dohromady dos\u00e1hl dosud pouh\u00fdch 50 tis\u00edc. Co\u017e je dramaticky pod \u00farovn\u00ed nutnou k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funk\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na n\u00e1bor maj\u00ed fondov\u00ed nah\u00e1n\u011b\u010di u\u017e jen m\u011bs\u00edc. V\u0161ak u\u017e tak\u00e9 zkou\u0161ej\u00ed zlomit st\u00e1t, aby jim ove\u010dky do jejich ohr\u00e1dek nahnal trikem, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm automatick\u00e9ho vstupu do druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e lid\u00e9 by se museli aktivn\u011b odhl\u00e1sit, jinak by z\u016fstali chyceni.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0reklam\u00e1ch n\u00e1m vesele l\u017eou, jako \u017ee ze sv\u00e9ho zaplat\u00edte jen kanystr benz\u00ednu a dal\u0161\u00ed dva v\u00e1m do n\u00e1dr\u017ee naleje \u00faslu\u017en\u00fd st\u00e1t zadarmo. M\u00edsto aby v\u00e1m f\u00e9rov\u011b \u0159ekli, \u017ee jeden kanystr si zaplat\u00edte p\u0159\u00edmo a ty dal\u0161\u00ed dva zaplat\u00edte p\u0159es st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladnu, ale fondy v\u00e1m ten benz\u00edn nenalij\u00ed do n\u00e1dr\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b jedouc\u00edho auta, ale do cisterny, kterou pro v\u00e1s (mo\u017en\u00e1) otev\u0159ou za n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Je evidentn\u00ed, \u017ee se tu kdosi p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtal, \u017ee \u010d\u00edsi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebyla napln\u011bna. A jak u\u017e to b\u00fdv\u00e1, nen\u00ed to vinou reality, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b nere\u00e1ln\u00fdch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Soudn\u00ed hodnotitel\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e ale tento v\u00fdvoj d\u00e1vno o\u010dek\u00e1vali a nijak p\u0159ekvapeni nejsou. Sp\u00ed\u0161e je mrz\u00ed, \u017ee jejich varovn\u00e1 slova nebyla vysly\u0161ena v\u010das.<\/p>\n
My\u0161lenka druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e je toti\u017e vadn\u00e1 od za\u010d\u00e1tku. Zaprv\u00e9: je koncipov\u00e1na pro \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed. Vznikla v\u00a0dob\u00e1ch plynul\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a dlouhodob\u00e9 stability finan\u010dn\u00edho sektoru. Princip \u201edlouh\u00fdch pen\u011bz\u201c, kter\u00fd po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0investic\u00ed na d\u00e1lku jedn\u00e9 \u010di v\u00edce generac\u00ed, toti\u017e jako sv\u016fj nutn\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad pot\u0159ebuje kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed a o\u010dek\u00e1vateln\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a tedy i investi\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru z\u00a0n\u011bj vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed. V\u00a0takov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se nyn\u00ed nenal\u00e9z\u00e1me ani n\u00e1hodou. Nikdo nechce kupovat zaj\u00edce v\u00a0pytli a zbavit se svobody zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi voln\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky kv\u016fli vidin\u011b profitu velmi pofid\u00e9rn\u00edho.<\/p>\n
Zadruh\u00e9: v\u00a0podob\u011b, v\u00a0jak\u00e9m je \u00fa\u010dast ve druh\u00e9m pil\u00ed\u0159i nab\u00edzena, jde o u\u017eivatelsky nezaj\u00edmav\u00fd produkt. \u00dadajn\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pomoc je \u010derpateln\u00e1 a\u017e za jednu generaci a p\u0159istoupen\u00ed se nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b nevratn\u00e9ho kroku. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed klienti postr\u00e1daj\u00ed pravidla o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, variabilitu doby \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di vazbu na v\u011bk a ne odpracovan\u00e1 l\u00e9ta. Neexistuje p\u0159\u00edjmov\u011b definovan\u00e1 c\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina, pro kterou by m\u011bl tento produkt ve st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed podob\u011b znamenat z\u0159eteln\u00fd profit.<\/p>\n
Zat\u0159et\u00ed: \u017eijeme v\u00a0dob\u011b rozvinut\u00e9ho \u201et\u0159et\u00edho\u201c pil\u00ed\u0159e, jeho\u017e produkty zaznamenaly dramatick\u00fd pokrok a sk\u00fdtaj\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed operativn\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed investory. A koneckonc\u016f tak\u00e9 po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e deformuj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed trh. Proto i siln\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed skupiny zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00edce t\u0159et\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 ne\u017e dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed s\u00a0pil\u00ed\u0159em druh\u00fdm.<\/p>\n
A za\u010dtvrt\u00e9: druh\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 je vadn\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u011b, proto\u017ee vn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, hlavn\u011b z\u00a0hlediska perspektivy. Zaml\u017euje \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou hranici mezi soukrom\u00fdmi a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky i mezi soukrom\u00fdm a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem. \u010c\u00ed jsou pen\u00edze na kont\u011b fondu druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e? Individu\u00e1ln\u00edho investora? Pro\u010d je ale v\u00a0jeho prosp\u011bch odlomena \u010d\u00e1st ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed? V\u017edy\u0165 pen\u00edze prvn\u00edho pil\u00ed\u0159e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi soukrom\u00fdmi financemi nejsou, hra na jak\u00fdsi d\u016fchodov\u00fd fond se sna\u017e\u00ed jen naoko rozli\u0161it tyto pen\u00edze od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch.<\/p>\n
St\u00e1t se nezaj\u00edm\u00e1 o d\u016fchodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ze stejn\u00fdch pohnutek jako finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce. Nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm fondem, poji\u0161\u0165ovnou, spo\u0159itelnou ani bankou. Je n\u00e1strojem p\u00e9\u010de o ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 statky. A t\u011bmi je v\u00a0oblasti d\u016fchod\u016f starost o ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed neum\u011bli nebo necht\u011bli zabezpe\u010dit. Ne kv\u016fli nim samotn\u00fdm, ale kv\u016fli zamezen\u00ed negativn\u00edch externalit, jak\u00e9 by pro ostatn\u00ed spoluob\u010dany plynuly z\u00a0toho, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st jejich soused\u016f se ocitla v\u00a0dramaticky ne\u00fanosn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci.<\/p>\n
Da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci \u010di pl\u00e1tci odvod\u016f do tzv. prvn\u00edho pil\u00ed\u0159e (co\u017e je ale d\u016fsledn\u011b vzato tot\u00e9\u017e) nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi klienty st\u00e1tu. Princip z\u00e1sluhovosti zde nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smysl. Ten m\u00e1 platit v\u00a0soukromopr\u00e1vn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e mezi individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi investory a finan\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fastavy. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prvn\u00edho pil\u00ed\u0159e jde sv\u00e9ho druhu o kvazida\u0148ov\u00e9 odvody ve prosp\u011bch obecn\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu, ne o formu spo\u0159en\u00ed \u010di poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu. Nen\u00ed v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m, z\u00e1jmu, aby st\u00e1tem proch\u00e1zely pen\u00edze na soukrom\u00e9 pot\u0159eby jednotliv\u00fdch pl\u00e1tc\u016f. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jem nen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed televizn\u00ed obrazovka pro pl\u00e1tce vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch odvod\u016f o nic v\u00edc, ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed intenzita ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed pod nohy poplatn\u00edka odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dan\u011b.<\/p>\n
St\u00e1t v\u016fbec nem\u00e1 m\u00edt servisn\u00ed funkci v\u00a0dvojstrann\u00e9m vztahu s\u00a0pl\u00e1tcem dan\u011b (a\u0165 u\u017e j\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me t\u0159eba poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed). St\u00e1t pen\u00edze vyb\u00edr\u00e1 na p\u00e9\u010di o ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 statky, na financov\u00e1n\u00ed uspokojov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Dan\u011b neplat\u00edme, abychom za sv\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pen\u00edze dostali konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slu\u017ebu, dokonce snad v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fd\u0161i platby. Od toho je p\u0159ece trh. To by pl\u00e1tci vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dan\u011b mohli po\u017eadovat, aby jim u vchodu st\u00e1l \u201ejejich\u201c policista a jejich d\u016fm h\u00e1jil jeden arm\u00e1dn\u00ed tank. Dan\u011b st\u00e1t vyb\u00edr\u00e1 od lid\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm, aby z\u00a0nich financoval statky, u nich\u017e je konzumace rozpt\u00fdlena, je obecn\u00e1, ne individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. A v\u00a0oblasti d\u016fchod\u016f jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b ony negativn\u00ed externality, kter\u00e9 by cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mohly hrozit ze sou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00a0nezabezpe\u010denou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed populace.<\/p>\n
Dne\u0161n\u00ed zaml\u017een\u00ed hranice mezi ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi a soukrom\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje ji\u017e prvn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159, pot\u0159ebuje reformu jako s\u016fl ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta. Ta by m\u011bla p\u0159in\u00e9st definitivn\u00ed rozchod st\u00e1tu s\u00a0funkc\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edho \u00fastavu a jeho n\u00e1vrat k\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di jen o ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 statky, nikoli ke klientsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. Zaveden\u00ed druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e jde ale sm\u011brem p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fdm: ve\u0159ejn\u00fd a soukrom\u00fd charakter r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fchodov\u00fdch koncept\u016f jen v\u00edce zaml\u017euje a prom\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1. T\u00edm zna\u010dn\u011b komplikuje p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 reformn\u00ed kroky.<\/p>\n
\u00dastavn\u00ed soud sv\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm o zru\u0161en\u00ed prvn\u00ed verze tzv. mal\u00e9 d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reformy bohu\u017eel precedent\u00e1ln\u011b velmi zkomplikoval p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed reformn\u00ed kroky, kdy\u017e velmi chybn\u011b petrifikoval vz\u00e1jemnou z\u00e1vislost odvod\u016f do d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho fondu a v\u00fd\u0161i pozd\u011bji vypl\u00e1cen\u00fdch d\u016fchod\u016f. Naprosto nepochopil, \u017ee st\u00e1t nen\u00ed automat na n\u00e1poje: vho\u010fte minci, vypadne d\u016fchod. Druh\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 je ale je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho mo\u017en\u00e9ho narovn\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e toto rozhodnut\u00ed \u00daS.<\/p>\n
Dosavadn\u00ed n\u00e1stup druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e zat\u00edm vypad\u00e1 jako fiasko, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli tot\u00e1ln\u00edmu nez\u00e1jmu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch klient\u016f. Jen\u017ee to nen\u00ed jeho jedin\u00fd negativn\u00ed dopad. T\u00edm druh\u00fdm je, \u017ee rozbil je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik vajec do jedn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 d\u016fchodov\u00e9 omelety, ze kter\u00e9 by bylo t\u0159eba sp\u00ed\u0161 vejce zp\u00e1tky vyrobit. Bude to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, ale jednou se tato reforma bude muset ud\u011blat. I na \u00fakor t\u011bch, co se nechali nal\u00e1kat do druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e. Co\u017e dosud v\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed asi spr\u00e1vn\u011b tu\u0161\u00ed. Velk\u00e1 voda n\u00e1m ukazuje, \u017ee na pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch se stav\u011bt nem\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Zkr\u00e1cen\u011b vy\u0161lo v\u00a0Pr\u00e1vu 5. \u010dervna 013<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kampa\u0148, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nal\u00e1kat klienty do fond\u016f tzv. druh\u00e9ho d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e, nab\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u017e skoro zoufal\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. Do televizn\u00edch reklam na z\u00e1chranu operace se zapojil u\u017e i cirkusov\u00fd slon, parti\u010dka komik\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed estr\u00e1dn\u00ed rekvizity. Vl\u00e1da uvolnila dal\u0161\u00edch 20 mili\u00f3n\u016f korun na vlastn\u00ed kampa\u0148. Projekt druh\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e toti\u017e naj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na m\u011bl\u010dinu a ti, kdo jsou na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3923"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3925,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3923\/revisions\/3925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}