Ladislav Jakl, V\u00e1clav Klaus, Ji\u0159\u00ed Weigl.<\/p>\n
T\u00fdden\u00edk\u00a0Ekonom ve sv\u00e9m minul\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se v\u011bnoval \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00e9mu\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 reformy z\u00a0roku 1953, pou\u017eil jak v\u00a0titulku, tak v\u00a0\u00favodu sv\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku naprosto myln\u00e9, ale svou manipulativnost\u00ed z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eZ\u00e1potock\u00fd vs. Klaus aneb Kdo vzal lidem v\u00edc\u201c (str. 37 \u2013 39) ptal se jeho autor Josef Pravec a do\u0161el k\u00a0neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru: v\u00a0d\u016fsledku m\u011bnov\u00e9 reformy v\u00a0roce 1953 p\u0159i\u0161li ob\u010dan\u00e9 o cca 160 mld. korun, Klausovou transformac\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let o 100 miliard.\u00a0 Z\u00e1potock\u00fd p\u0159ipravil lidi o 1\/6 st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu, Klaus o 1\/5, ergo, je to vlastn\u011b skoro stejn\u00e9, sugeruje Ekonom.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Proti takov\u00e9mu nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0fakty se mus\u00edme z\u00e1sadn\u011b ohradit.\u00a0 Chce-li autor srovn\u00e1vat dv\u011b transformace (tu, sna\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se realizovat komunistickou utopii a tu, kter\u00e1 se po glob\u00e1ln\u00edm krachu komunismu sna\u017eila zemi zachr\u00e1nit a znovuvytvo\u0159it norm\u00e1ln\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomiku), potom se mu u t\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 \u201etransformace\u201c v\u011bt\u0161ina jej\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f n\u011bjak z\u00e1hadn\u011b ztratila. Kolik miliard ztr\u00e1t p\u0159edstavovalo zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed ekonomiky? Kolik kolektivizace zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed? Jak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady zp\u016fsobila zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 industrializace ji\u017e d\u00e1vno industrializovan\u00e9 ekonomiky? O kolik jsme p\u0159i\u0161li zaveden\u00edm monopolu zahrani\u010dn\u00edho obchodu a uzav\u0159en\u00edm se p\u0159ed sv\u011btem? D\u00e1 se to t\u011b\u017eko spo\u010d\u00edtat. Ale d\u00e1 se to odhadovat nap\u0159. srovn\u00e1n\u00edm s\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm Rakouskem. Z\u00a0toho je vid\u011bt, \u017ee velikost t\u00e9to ztr\u00e1ty nem\u00e1 se 160 mld. korun nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Komunismem jsme ztratili \u010d\u00e1stku o n\u011bkolik nul v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Kapitalismus v\u00a0tvorb\u011b bohatstv\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b sv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f jednozna\u010dn\u011b usp\u011bl, komunismus propadl.<\/p>\n
Transformace zbankrotovan\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 ekonomiky na ekonomiku tr\u017en\u00ed m\u011bla n\u00e1klady, ale jej\u00ed n\u00e1klady byly u n\u00e1s mezi stejn\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi nejmen\u0161\u00ed. V\u00ed to redakto\u0159i Ekonoma? Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdchoz\u00edch princip\u016f \u010desk\u00e9 transformace bylo co nejv\u00edce uchr\u00e1nit \u00faspory st\u0159adatel\u016f. Mohl b\u00fdt zvolen jin\u00fd postup, nap\u0159. skokov\u00e1 inflace, kter\u00e1 by hrav\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161ila probl\u00e9m zadlu\u017een\u00ed podnik\u016f, ov\u0161em pr\u00e1v\u011b na \u00fakor \u00faspor ob\u010dan\u016f. Snaha ochr\u00e1nit \u00faspory vy\u017eadovala mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kroky ekonomick\u00e9 politiky.<\/p>\n
Je v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9 zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat dopady liberalizace cen do transforma\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f? Liberalizace cen p\u0159inesla v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen mnoha komodit, ale hlavn\u011b p\u0159inesla skute\u010dn\u00e9 ceny odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed nab\u00eddce a popt\u00e1vce. To p\u0159isp\u011blo k\u00a0efektivn\u00ed alokaci zdroj\u016f a umo\u017enilo investice do ekonomicky nad\u011bjn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a firem.<\/p>\n
Byla transforma\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1kladem devalvace, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila zaveden\u00ed sm\u011bnitelnosti koruny a velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u201eukotvila\u201c ekonomiku. Transforma\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1kladem ur\u010dit\u011b nebyla, byla naopak transforma\u010dn\u00edm efektem. Byla p\u0159edpokladem racion\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje ekonomiky v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech.<\/p>\n
Inflace v\u00a0roce 1991 \u010dinila 57 procent, ale to byl mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch. Jin\u00e9 transformuj\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiky za\u017eily inflaci v \u0159\u00e1du stovek i tis\u00edc\u016f procent. Cenov\u00fd pohyb vedl ke zre\u00e1ln\u011bn\u00ed cen, kter\u00e9 skoro p\u016fl stolet\u00ed neodpov\u00eddaly ekonomick\u00e9 realit\u011b. D\u016fsledkem t\u011bchto cen byl \u010dern\u00fd trh, na kter\u00e9m se za r\u016fzn\u00e1 nedostatkov\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed neplatila jen ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed cena, ale i \u201epodpultov\u00e9\u201c p\u0159\u00edplatky. Kdyby ty n\u011bkdo zapo\u010d\u00edtal do cen p\u0159ed liberalizac\u00ed, byla by skute\u010dn\u00e1 inflace ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e on\u011bch 57 procent.<\/p>\n
Jen ignorant se m\u016f\u017ee pokou\u0161et vy\u010d\u00edslovat n\u00e1klady liberalizace cen a devalvace p\u0159i zaveden\u00ed sm\u011bnitelnosti koruny a tv\u00e1\u0159it se, \u017ee v\u00a0nedostatkov\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 ekonomice ceny a kursy znamenaly tot\u00e9\u017e co dnes.\u00a0 Asi proto, \u017ee si po 23 letech na podpultov\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, fronty a veksl\u00e1ky u\u017e nikdo nepamatuje, nebo pamatovat nechce.<\/p>\n
Nikdy jsme ne\u0159e\u0161ili dilema inflace nebo bankrot (nebo konfiskace \u00faspor), o n\u011bm\u017e se v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku p\u00ed\u0161e. D\u00edky u n\u00e1s prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 politice si \u00faspory obyvatel na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9 hodnoty zachovaly, na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161ech zem\u00ed kolem n\u00e1s s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou b\u00fdval\u00e9 NDR. A v\u00a0jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by dnes nikoho nenapadlo pochv\u00e1lit kurs mezi z\u00e1padn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed markou v\u00a0parit\u011b 1:1, na n\u011bm\u017e se N\u011bmecko sjednotilo. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 katastrofa b\u00fdval\u00e9 NDR po zvolen\u00e9 metod\u011b sjednocen\u00ed je a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zjevn\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Komunistick\u00e1 m\u011bnov\u00e1 reforma byla zlo\u010dinem a cynick\u00fdm okraden\u00edm ob\u010dan\u016f tehdej\u0161\u00edm re\u017eimem. Je dobr\u00e9 si ji p\u0159ipomenout i po \u0161edes\u00e1ti letech.\u00a0 Av\u0161ak pokus d\u00e1t p\u0159i t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti rovn\u00edtko mezi 50. a 90. l\u00e9ta a mezi Z\u00e1potock\u00e9ho a Klause je nechutnost. Mimochodem: prezidentem byl v\u00a090. letech V\u00e1clav Havel.<\/p>\n
Vy\u0161lo v\u00a0Ekonomu 13. 6. 13<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ladislav Jakl, V\u00e1clav Klaus, Ji\u0159\u00ed Weigl. T\u00fdden\u00edk\u00a0Ekonom ve sv\u00e9m minul\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se v\u011bnoval \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00e9mu\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 reformy z\u00a0roku 1953, pou\u017eil jak v\u00a0titulku, tak v\u00a0\u00favodu sv\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku naprosto myln\u00e9, ale svou manipulativnost\u00ed z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eZ\u00e1potock\u00fd vs. Klaus aneb Kdo vzal lidem v\u00edc\u201c (str. 37 \u2013 39) ptal se jeho autor Josef Pravec a do\u0161el k\u00a0neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9mu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3936"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3938,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3936\/revisions\/3938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}