{"id":4454,"date":"2013-12-10T11:27:15","date_gmt":"2013-12-10T10:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=4454"},"modified":"2013-12-10T11:27:15","modified_gmt":"2013-12-10T10:27:15","slug":"veleba-chce-demokracii-zmenit-na-korporativismus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=4454","title":{"rendered":"Veleba chce demokracii zm\u011bnit na korporativismus"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 na to u\u017e leckdo zapom\u00edn\u00e1, ale jedna z\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch front boje o demokracii u n\u00e1s se u\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let vedla kolem t\u00e9matu profesn\u00edch komor. A p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kolem t\u00e9matu povinn\u00e9ho \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0nich a kolem p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy na jejich org\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>N\u011bkter\u00e9 bitvy byly svedeny \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad kolem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komory), jin\u00e9 nikoli (nap\u0159\u00edklad kolem l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 komory). N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si mo\u017en\u00e1 vzpomenou, jak David Rath sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu p\u0159irovn\u00e1val V\u00e1clava Klause ke Gottwaldovi jen proto, \u017ee si V\u00e1clav Klaus dovolil statut komor podrobit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debat\u011b. Rath ke sv\u00e9mu p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e1hl navzdory tomu, \u017ee jeho nikdo nep\u0159irovn\u00e1val nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00a0Mussolinimu, i kdy\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b fa\u0161istick\u00fd re\u017eim byl na korporativismu vystav\u011bn.<\/p>\n

Ano, je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee italsk\u00fd fa\u0161ismus \u010di \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd frankismus, portugalsk\u00fd salazarismus nebo argentinsk\u00fd peronismus \u010derpaly svou s\u00edlu pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0korporativismu. Sv\u00e9 korporativistick\u00e9 rysy (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v resortu pr\u016fmyslu) m\u011blo i nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko, korporativistick\u00e9 prvky zav\u00e1d\u011bla i \u00fastava Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu z\u00a0roku 1977. To jist\u011b nejsou re\u017eimy hodn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud n\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na demokracii.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta hluk na front\u011b kolem profesn\u00edch komor v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b utichl, i kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad kolektiv autor\u016f Institutu V\u00e1clava Klause ve sv\u00e9 knize \u010cesk\u00e1 republika na rozcest\u00ed: \u010cas rozhodnut\u00ed doporu\u010duje \u201ezru\u0161it povinn\u00e1 \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0profesn\u00edch komor\u00e1ch a ukon\u010dit p\u0159enesen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy do t\u011bchto organizac\u00ed<\/em>\u201c (str. 210). Utichl zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee na v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok v\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bci neexistuje posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta politick\u00e1 s\u00edla, ale i proto, \u017ee nikoho dosud nenapadlo iniciovat pohyb sm\u011brem opa\u010dn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

To ale u\u017e neplat\u00ed. S\u00a0takovou iniciativou toti\u017e dnes p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed prezident Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komory \u010cR Jan Veleba. Veleba zcela v\u00e1\u017en\u011b navrhuje zaveden\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho \u010dlenstv\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f ve sv\u00e9 komo\u0159e a p\u0159enesen\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dotac\u00edch na jej\u00ed org\u00e1ny. A nejen to. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee pro sv\u016fj n\u00e1vrh z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 i nezanedbatelnou politickou podporu.\u00a0 Pochopen\u00ed pro n\u011bj m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad podle sv\u00e9ho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0posledn\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu Ekonom (\u010d. 49, str. 27) p\u0159edseda poslaneck\u00e9ho klubu Ano a ani z\u00e1stupci KS\u010cM a \u010cSSD se zat\u00edm nestav\u011bj\u00ed proti.<\/p>\n

Jedin\u00e1 kritika, se kterou se zat\u00edm Veleba setkal, je motivov\u00e1na obavami, zda bude p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komory o pen\u011bz\u00edch dostate\u010dn\u011b demokratick\u00e9. Demokratick\u00e9 v\u00a0tom smyslu, aby ke slovu p\u0159i\u0161ly v\u0161echny v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 skupiny zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f. Jen\u017ee to p\u0159ece nen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Velebovu my\u0161lenku je t\u0159eba odm\u00edtnout z\u00a0daleko principi\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho d\u016fvodu. Je to toti\u017e p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fatok na demokracii.<\/p>\n

Korporativismus, jeho\u017e jsou komory s\u00a0povinn\u00fdm \u010dlenstv\u00edm a s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy snad nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm projevem, je toti\u017e s\u00a0demokraci\u00ed zcela neslu\u010diteln\u00fd. V\u00a0korporativismu nerozhoduje o v\u011bcech obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu voli\u010d a voli\u010dov\u00fdm mand\u00e1tem disponuj\u00edc\u00ed demokratick\u00e1 instituce, ale uzav\u0159en\u00e9 korporace, kter\u00e9 samy maj\u00ed na dan\u00e9 v\u011bci zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Nen\u00ed kup\u0159\u00edkladu pravdou, \u017ee o zdravotnictv\u00ed maj\u00ed rozhodovat zdravotn\u00edci (kte\u0159\u00ed si to \u010dasto n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee pr\u00fd v\u011bci rozum\u011bj\u00ed a na n\u011b \u00fadajn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed dopadaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm), ale hlavn\u011b da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci a (potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed) pacienti. Jde o z\u00e1jem obecn\u00fd, nikoli priv\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1jem vymezen\u00e9 profesn\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n

Pokud by \u0161lo o z\u00e1jmy ryze skupinov\u00e9, mohl by \u010dlov\u011bk nad povinn\u00fdm \u010dlenstv\u00edm m\u00e1vnout rukou. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159enesen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy na komory je d\u016fkazem, \u017ee jde o z\u00e1jem obecn\u00fd, jinak by p\u016fvodn\u011b nebyl spravov\u00e1n st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituc\u00ed s\u00a0mand\u00e1tem od ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n

U\u017e sama dosavadn\u00ed praxe p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed zejm\u00e9na \u201eevropsk\u00fdch\u201c dotac\u00ed p\u0159es hlavy demokratick\u00fdch reprezentac\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u201eprojekty\u201c a p\u0159\u00edmo konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm skupin\u00e1m osob nejen\u017ee vede k\u00a0chybn\u00e9 a\u017e kontraproduktivn\u00ed alokaci zdroj\u016f a ve sv\u00e9m voluntaristick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 korupci, ale zejm\u00e9na up\u00edr\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo obecn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti na spolurozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrolu. Ale p\u0159eci jen jist\u00e1 spolu\u00fa\u010dast ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, zejm\u00e9na region\u00e1ln\u00edch demokratick\u00fdch struktur dosud jist\u00fd obecn\u00fd pohled do rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed dotac\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. S\u00a0t\u00edm by byl po p\u0159ijet\u00ed Velebova n\u00e1vrh konec.<\/p>\n

Pokud by pan Veleba dos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho, pak by o pen\u011bz\u00edch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f rozhodovaly za\u00a0jejich z\u00e1dy p\u0159\u00edmo zainteresovan\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 by mezi sebou nepochybn\u011b r\u00e1dy uzav\u00edraly v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9 obchody ve stylu \u201ej\u00e1 podpo\u0159\u00edm tebe a ty zas mne\u201c. U zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed nav\u00edc nejde o obecn\u00fd z\u00e1jem jen da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f, z\u00a0jejich pen\u011b\u017eenek se dotace financuj\u00ed, ale o obecn\u00fd z\u00e1jem cel\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, proto\u017ee p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed dotace nen\u00ed z\u00e1jmov\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed. Dotace nejen\u017ee n\u011bkomu pom\u016f\u017ee, ale zp\u016fsob\u00ed i konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu na \u00fakor ostatn\u00edch, pok\u0159iv\u00ed ceny pro spot\u0159ebitele a povede k\u00a0protekci selektivn\u011b vymezen\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch aktivit. Nejde tedy v\u016fbec jen o soukrom\u00fd p\u00edse\u010dek agr\u00e1rn\u00edk\u016f, ale o typick\u00fd obecn\u00fd z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n

Povinn\u00e9 \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komo\u0159e a p\u0159enesen\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o dotac\u00edch (a mo\u017en\u00e1 i o dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bcech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed) by nejen p\u0159ineslo dal\u0161\u00ed vyveden\u00ed (outsourcing) rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u011bcech ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch mimo kontrolu ve\u0159ejnosti. Byl by to krok sm\u011brem k\u00a0nedemokratick\u00fdm kolektivistick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9, jak v\u00edme z\u00a0d\u011bjin, tendovaly a\u017e k\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u00fdm diktatur\u00e1m. To nen\u00ed neadekv\u00e1tn\u00ed stra\u0161en\u00ed. To je vid\u011bn\u00ed korporativismu v\u00a0prav\u00e9m sv\u011btle.<\/p>\n

Ladislav Jakl, Institut V\u00e1clava Klause, 6. prosince 2013.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017en\u00e1 na to u\u017e leckdo zapom\u00edn\u00e1, ale jedna z\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch front boje o demokracii u n\u00e1s se u\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let vedla kolem t\u00e9matu profesn\u00edch komor. A p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kolem t\u00e9matu povinn\u00e9ho \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0nich a kolem p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy na jejich org\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4454"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4455,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4454\/revisions\/4455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}