Prezident Milo\u0161 Zeman m\u00e1 za sebou prvn\u00ed rok v\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ad\u011b. Bilancuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznivci i kritici, tak pro\u010d bych si nazabilancoval i j\u00e1. Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1m i jist\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, co prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a jak by mohl a m\u011bl b\u00fdt zast\u00e1v\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Klidn\u011b bych se mohl omezit na konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee jen slo\u017eit\u011b hled\u00e1m Zeman\u016fv politick\u00fd krok \u010di v\u00fdrok, se kter\u00fdm bych za ten posledn\u00ed rok souhlasil. J\u00e1 se ale na toto konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed neomez\u00edm. M\u00e1m k\u00a0tomu jeden dost podstatn\u00fd d\u016fvod.<\/p>\n
Netrp\u00edm toti\u017e jednou nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je u n\u00e1s mezi politiky i novin\u00e1\u0159i velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena. Lid\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed touto chorobou jsou n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli politick\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd se jim nel\u00edb\u00ed, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dinem nelegitimn\u00edm, neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm, proti\u00fastavn\u00edm, mimo\u00fastavn\u00edm a hodn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazu. Mnoz\u00ed se toti\u017e ani za ta l\u00e9ta novodob\u00e9 demokracie neum\u011bj\u00ed sm\u00ed\u0159it s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee jejich oponent nechce realizovat politiku sv\u00fdch kritik\u016f, ale politiku svou.<\/p>\n
Proto jsem \u2013 a\u010d kritik v\u011bt\u0161iny Zemanov\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed \u2013 nikdy nespustil pok\u0159ik o demont\u00e1\u017ei parlamentn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, o oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavy a o zavad\u011bn\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9 diktatury. Na sv\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed \u2013 by\u0165 se ani mn\u011b hrub\u011b nel\u00edb\u00ed \u2013 m\u00e1 Zeman jako prezident republiky pln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n
Nejk\u0159iklav\u011bji se jeho obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0proti\u00fastavnosti a ze zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na \u00fakor parlamentarismu (co\u017e by p\u0159ece bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st pouze tot\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ekop\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fastavy a ne prax\u00ed jednoho politika) projevovalo kolem jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Rusnokovy \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Dosavadn\u00ed koalice m\u011bla pocit, \u017ee po Ne\u010dasov\u011b p\u00e1du m\u00e1 automatick\u00fd n\u00e1rok na sestaven\u00ed vl\u00e1dy nov\u00e9. Takov\u00fd automatick\u00fd n\u00e1rok ale z\u00a0ni\u010deho neplynul.<\/p>\n
Koalice m\u00e1vala stojedni\u010dkovou v\u011bt\u0161inou, kter\u00e1 se ale p\u0159i prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti jaksi vypa\u0159ila. Zeman zase po\u010d\u00edtal s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu z\u00edsk\u00e1 Rusnok, a ani to nevy\u0161lo (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ob\u011b varianty se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt od v\u011bt\u0161iny stejn\u011b daleko). Jestli\u017ee se zjistilo, \u017ee Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna ned\u00e1 dohromady v\u011bt\u0161inu \u017e\u00e1dnou, bylo nutno p\u0159istoupit k\u00a0p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm volb\u00e1m. Co\u017e se tak\u00e9 stalo. Tak jak\u00e1pak nelegitimita Rusnokovy vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 by jen administrovala st\u00e1t do sestaven\u00ed vl\u00e1dy nov\u00e9?<\/p>\n
Jakou legitimitu m\u011bli v\u00a0Ne\u010dasov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b minist\u0159i Fiala, Kubice, Picek, Besser, Han\u00e1kov\u00e1, \u0160merda \u010di Mlsna? Pro\u0161li snad oni parlamentn\u00edmi volbami? Nikoli. Svou legitimitu odvozovali od politick\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e9 je do vl\u00e1dy nominovaly i jako nestran\u00edky. Od politick\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e9 mand\u00e1t voli\u010d\u016f z\u00edskaly.<\/p>\n
Minist\u0159i Rusnokovy vl\u00e1dy nem\u011bli mand\u00e1t o nic men\u0161\u00ed, odvozovali jej od p\u0159\u00edmo volen\u00e9ho prezidenta, kter\u00e9ho ostatn\u011b volilo mnohem v\u00edce ob\u010dan\u016f, ne\u017e b\u00fdvalou vl\u00e1dn\u00ed koalici. Rusnokovi minist\u0159i nespadli z\u00a0nebe, nebyli loutkou ciz\u00ed moci, byli produktem lidov\u00e9 v\u016fle projeven\u00e9 v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
A jsme u toho. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st politick\u00e9 a medi\u00e1ln\u00ed sc\u00e9ny po\u0159\u00e1d odm\u00edt\u00e1 vz\u00edt na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e rok tu poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch m\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edmo volen\u00e9ho prezidenta. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fastava se p\u0159ece jinak nep\u0159episovala, tak\u017ee zp\u016fsob volby pr\u00fd nic nem\u011bn\u00ed na legitimit\u011b \u010di nelegitimit\u011b prezidentov\u00fdch krok\u016f. Jen\u017ee to je omyl. M\u011bn\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n
Zdr\u017eenlivost v\u0161ech p\u0159edchoz\u00edch parlamentem volen\u00fdch prezident\u016f v\u00a0chuti j\u00edt p\u0159i\u00a0konzumaci sv\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed a\u017e na samu hranu byla toti\u017e odvozena pr\u00e1v\u011b od nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volby. Prezidenti p\u0159i sv\u00fdch ka\u017edodenn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00edch nejen br\u00e1vali ohled na to, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b je bude volit op\u011bt parlament a tedy politick\u00fd establishment. Prost\u011b p\u0159irozen\u011b respektovali svou odvozenost od parlamentu, respektovali skute\u010dnost, \u017ee to parlament je (p\u0159i vyv\u00e1\u017eenosti v\u0161ech \u00fastavn\u00edch moc\u00ed) jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm reprezentantem v\u016fle voli\u010d\u016f, jedin\u00fdm nezprost\u0159edkovan\u00fdm nositelem lidov\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu. To se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmou volbou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnilo.<\/p>\n
Ti, co z\u00a0populistick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f otev\u0159eli Pando\u0159inu sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmo volen\u00fdm prezidentem, si byli jisti, \u017ee si pohl\u00eddaj\u00ed, jak\u00fd prezident z\u00a0n\u00ed vyleze. \u017de to bude poslu\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1stroj v\u00a0jejich rukou. Ale spletli se. I kdy\u017e sv\u00e9 kandid\u00e1ty p\u0159edem zv\u00fdhodnili u\u017e t\u00edm, \u017ee jim na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edch kandid\u00e1t\u016f neulo\u017eili povinnost p\u0159edlo\u017eit 50 tis\u00edc podpis\u016f, prezidentem se stal kdosi, kdo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v\u00a0soukol\u00ed vrcholov\u00e9 politiky nem\u011bl. Ale to nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd zdroj probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
T\u00edm je u\u017e p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 volba samotn\u00e1. Ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami jsem (a zdaleka nejen j\u00e1) opakovan\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee zcela bez ohledu na to, kdo by byl v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volb\u011b zvolen, skon\u010dilo by s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmou volbou dlouholet\u00e9 zvykov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed jist\u00e9ho sm\u00edru a kooperace hlavn\u00edch \u00fastavn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Prost\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo volen\u00fd prezident bude ct\u00edt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed mand\u00e1t a nebude se tolik ohl\u00ed\u017eet na mand\u00e1ty ostatn\u00edch.<\/p>\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Zemanovi politi\u010dt\u00ed soupe\u0159i loni v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b lkali nad t\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00fd jsme p\u0159ece parlamentn\u00ed demokraci\u00ed a \u017ee to Zeman nerespektuje. Nu, pokud za parlamentn\u00ed demokracii pova\u017eujeme z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kde je parlament svrchovan\u00fdm tv\u016frcem legislativy a kde m\u00e1 \u0159adu z\u00e1sadn\u00edch kompetenc\u00ed v\u016f\u010di vl\u00e1d\u011b i jin\u00fdm instituc\u00edm, pak tento status nikdo neohro\u017euje, ani mnohdy neomalen\u00fd Zeman. Pokud ale za parlamentn\u00ed demokracii pova\u017euj\u00ed pouze takovou, kde je parlament v\u00fdhradn\u00edm reprezentantem lidov\u00e9 v\u016fle, pak takovou parlamentn\u00ed demokracii politici zru\u0161ili u\u017e v\u00a0den, kdy p\u0159ijali p\u0159\u00edmou volbu prezidenta.<\/p>\n
Od t\u00e9 doby je ji\u017e nejen pouze parlament, ale nyn\u00ed i prezident nositelem p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu od voli\u010d\u016f. A s\u00a0t\u00edmto v\u011bdom\u00edm m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo se svou funkc\u00ed zach\u00e1zet. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 volba z\u00e1sadn\u011b posouv\u00e1 mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch prezidentov\u00fdch kompetenc\u00ed a nemaj\u00ed pravdu ti, kdo si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee by k\u00a0tomu bylo nutno zm\u011bnit n\u011bkter\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee \u00fastavy. Jestli\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad suver\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo jmenovat \u010dleny bankovn\u00ed rady naroubujeme na prezidenta volen\u00e9ho parlamentem, zasazujeme tuto pravomoc do jist\u00e9ho kontextu. Se zaveden\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volby prezidenta se kontext naprosto posouv\u00e1, a p\u0159esto\u017ee se toto pr\u00e1vo navenek nijak nezm\u011bnilo, jeho obsah se zm\u011bnil revolu\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n
Zeman je klasick\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr. Proto tak miluje Brusel, v\u0161ech soci\u00e1ln\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f Mekku. Je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee zn\u00e1 recept, jak maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u017e\u00edt. Nepova\u017euje jejich svobodu za d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sv\u00e9 sny o spole\u010densk\u00e9m ide\u00e1lu. Ale v\u0161e, co za posledn\u00ed rok u\u010dinil, u\u010dinil leg\u00e1ln\u011b i legitimn\u011b. A ti, co zu\u0159iv\u011b tvrd\u00ed opak, by si za svou zdvi\u017eenou ruku p\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 volb\u011b m\u011bli vlepit facku.<\/p>\n
(Vy\u0161lo v\u00a0Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch 7. b\u0159ezna 2014.) <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Prezident Milo\u0161 Zeman m\u00e1 za sebou prvn\u00ed rok v\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ad\u011b. Bilancuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznivci i kritici, tak pro\u010d bych si nazabilancoval i j\u00e1. Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1m i jist\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, co prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a jak by mohl a m\u011bl b\u00fdt zast\u00e1v\u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4631"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4633,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4631\/revisions\/4633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}