Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se pokus\u00ed \u010destn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt na tuto zadanou ot\u00e1zku, mus\u00ed se p\u0159ed t\u00edm vyrovnat s dv\u011bma p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi, pon\u011bkud zaml\u010den\u00fdmi nebo p\u0159esko\u010den\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Za\u010dnu u t\u00e9 druh\u00e9 a u sebe, proto\u017ee takov\u00e9 \u2013 tedy osobn\u011b lad\u011bn\u00e9 – je i zad\u00e1n\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho semin\u00e1\u0159e. U mne Polistopadov\u00e1 \u00e9ra nav\u00e1zala plynule na \u00e9ru listopadovou. Tu jsem pro\u017e\u00edval u\u017e na pam\u00e1tn\u00e9 demonstraci, svolan\u00e9 vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdmi svaz\u00e1ky a dal\u0161\u00edmi studentsk\u00fdmi iniciativami na pra\u017esk\u00fd Albertov na p\u00e1tek 17. listopadu, 16. hodinu.<\/p>\n
Ta akce mi zav\u00e1n\u011bla \u201em\u00edrn\u00fdm pokrokem v\u00a0mez\u00edch z\u00e1kona\u201c jak pro to, \u017ee byla snad teprve druhou (po \u0160kroupov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed 10. prosince p\u0159edchoz\u00edho roku), kterou komunisti povolili, tak i t\u011bmi zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi svaz\u00e1ky. Dobu jsem ale c\u00edtil tak, \u017ee te\u010f u\u017e je t\u0159eba j\u00edt na ka\u017edou akci, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161anc\u00ed k\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9mu nez\u00e1visl\u00e9mu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu projevu v\u016fle.<\/p>\n
Na Albertov\u011b jsem byl p\u0159ekvapen velk\u00fdm davem lid\u00ed, nejen student\u016f. Vedle m\u011b jak\u00e1si skupina st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f skandovala, a\u0165 \u017eije t\u0159et\u00ed b\u00e9, ale jinak byla sly\u0161et slova od \u010dist\u011b \u0161kolsk\u00fdch t\u00e9mat o pom\u011brech na \u0161kol\u00e1ch a podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch pro svobodn\u00e9 aktivity student\u016f, a\u017e po obecn\u00e9 a n\u011bkdy i na tu dobu radik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvy ke svobod\u011b slova nebo k n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed reforem tehdej\u0161\u00edho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se dav dal do pohybu, st\u00e1l jsem n\u00e1hodou mezi prvn\u00edmi a sna\u017eil se ho (ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b) s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli nasm\u011brovat rovnou na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, okliku p\u0159es Vy\u0161ehrad k\u00a0M\u00e1chovu hrobu jsem pova\u017eoval za nepat\u0159i\u010dnou a demotivuj\u00edc\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak jsem p\u0159i sestupu z\u00a0Vy\u0161ehradu k\u00a0V\u00fdtoni (sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b) lamentoval, \u017ee n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je past, \u017ee tam stla\u010den\u00fd dav m\u016f\u017ee sk\u00e1kat dol\u016f na n\u00e1plavku a tam dojde k\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm \u00faraz\u016fm.<\/p>\n
\u0160el jsem tedy s\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed proudu zkratkou na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159es Vy\u0161ehradskou a tam p\u0159esn\u011b padl do pasti, kterou jsem \u010dekal na n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. U Botanick\u00e9 zahrady n\u00e1s zav\u0159el kordon policist\u016f a p\u0159es r\u016fzn\u00e9 velmi dusn\u00e9 chvilky tam p\u00e1r tis\u00edcovek lid\u00ed dr\u017eel cel\u00e9 hodiny. T\u00edm jsem p\u0159i\u0161el o legend\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u0159et a nakl\u00e1da\u010dku p\u0159ed pal\u00e1cem Metro na N\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.<\/p>\n
Listopad pro mne pokra\u010doval ned\u011bln\u00ed konspirativn\u00ed sch\u016fzkou osloven\u00fdch novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u00a0Pal\u00e1ci Charitas, kde z\u00a0iniciativy Petra H\u00e1jka vznikalo Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, dne\u0161n\u00ed Syndik\u00e1t, ka\u017edodenn\u00edmi demonstracemi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed sch\u016fz\u00ed Svazu autor\u016f a interpret\u016f v Obecn\u00edm dom\u011b, buntovac\u00edm v\u00fdjezdem do je\u0161t\u011b trochu boj\u00e1cn\u00e9ho, ale m\u00e9ho rodn\u00e9ho Chebu, kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm let\u00e1k\u016f po noc\u00edch v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch podnic\u00edch a jejich rozes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm kulturn\u00edm st\u0159edisk\u016fm, no\u0161en\u00edm zpr\u00e1v a \u010dl\u00e1ne\u010dk\u016f do Informa\u010dn\u00edho servisu (pozd\u011bji Respektu) a v\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm b\u00e1je\u010dn\u00fdm frmolem. Skoro se nespalo.<\/p>\n
Ne, re\u017eim ani n\u00e1hodou nepadl 17. listopadu, toho dne se ani nezat\u0159\u00e1sl, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 revoluce se nekonala, svoboda zdaleka je\u0161t\u011b nezavl\u00e1dla, cel\u00e1 zem se i dal\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1na probudila do stejn\u00fdch dn\u016f jako t\u00fddny a roky p\u0159edt\u00edm. Fale\u0161n\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va o mrtv\u00e9m studentovi ale urychlila radikalizaci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a komunistick\u00e1 moc s\u00a0ohledem na to, \u017ee nikde za hranicemi u\u017e nem\u011bla oporu, rezignovan\u011b ode\u0161la na smeti\u0161t\u011b d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n
Polistopadov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed pro mne za\u010dalo plynule v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na to \u201elistopadov\u00e9\u201c, po\u0159\u00e1d ve stejn\u00e9 euforii. V\u016fbec m\u011b nenapadlo, \u017ee bych m\u011bl \u010derstv\u011b nabyt\u00e9 svobody vyu\u017e\u00edt k\u00a0byznysu, k\u00a0te\u010f u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 seberealizaci, k\u00a0v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm svobodn\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m. Jin\u00fdm lidem listopadov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed skon\u010dilo svobodn\u00fdmi volbami, vznikem demokratick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomikou. A za\u010dal jim b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, svobodn\u00fd \u017eivot. J\u00e1 jsem m\u011bl pocit, \u017ee po\u0159\u00e1d \u017eiju p\u0159evratem a to mi zastydle vydr\u017eelo v\u00a0jak\u00e9koli pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli a\u017e dodnes. M\u00edsto toho, abych za\u010dal \u017e\u00edt a myslet jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u010dan u\u017e norm\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011b, po\u0159\u00e1d jsem m\u011bl pocit, \u017ee d\u00e1l bojuji za Listopad. Ujelo mi tak hodn\u011b vlak\u016f a mo\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e nyn\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, jestli nestihnout p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd posledn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
A te\u010f ot\u00e1zka prvn\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm definovat Polistopadovou dobu? Onu \u00e9ru i jej\u00ed konec c\u00edt\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd jinak. Pro n\u011bkoho skon\u010dila rozpadem \u010ceskoslovenska, pro n\u011bkoho dobudov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f ekonomick\u00e9 transformace, pro n\u011bkoho Sarajevsk\u00fdm atent\u00e1tem, pro n\u011bkoho n\u00e1stupem V\u00e1clava Klause na Hrad, pro n\u011bkoho odchodem V\u00e1clava Klause z\u00a0Hradu, vn\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 za po\u010d\u00e1tek Polistopadov\u00e9 \u00e9ry pova\u017euj\u00ed moment, kdy Jakl za\u010dal nosit kravatu, a za jej\u00ed konec chv\u00edli, kdy Jakl kravatu nosit p\u0159estal.<\/p>\n
Existuje ale n\u011bco, co by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eovat za univerz\u00e1ln\u011bji platn\u00fd mezn\u00edk konce Polistopadov\u00e9 \u00e9ry, za v\u0161eobecn\u011bji uchopiteln\u00fd, objektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji p\u0159ijateln\u00fd ukazatel?\u00a0 Napad\u00e1 m\u011b jedna obrazn\u00e1 zkratka. Zat\u00edmco je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety m\u011bla skupina lid\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se cel\u00fdch 25 let vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za monopoln\u00edho majitele odkazu V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho listopadu, pocit, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dit na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jin\u00e9ho, kdo by se snad odv\u00e1\u017eil \u0159\u00edkat, \u017ee on je tak\u00e9 polistopadov\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b a spolunositel listopadov\u00fdch idej\u00ed, dnes c\u00edt\u00edm n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Dnes lid\u00e9, kter\u00fdm opravdu v\u017edy \u0161lo o svobodu a ne o mo\u017enost vnutit spole\u010dnosti svou p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt upo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1na, ji\u017e nejsou dominantn\u011b napad\u00e1ni hlavn\u011b za to, \u017ee pr\u00fd parazituj\u00ed na Listopadu, proto\u017ee oni s\u00a0n\u00edm p\u0159ece nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Oni jsou dnes s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti sp\u00ed\u0161e napad\u00e1ni za to, \u017ee s\u00a0Listopadem n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u011bli.\u00a0 V\u00a0tom c\u00edt\u00edm konec Polistopadov\u00e9 doby univerz\u00e1ln\u011b pro celou na\u0161i spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n
Ano, spole\u010dnost se m\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1le, nyn\u00ed jsme b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho sv\u011bta a nejsme tedy imunn\u00ed proti v\u0161em jeho dne\u0161n\u00edm nastupuj\u00edc\u00edm nemocem. Ale ne v\u0161e, co kolem sebe vid\u00edme, je projevem celoz\u00e1padn\u00ed, celounijn\u00ed postdemokracie. Cosi z\u00a0toho je \u010dist\u011b na\u0161e. Oligarchismus, cynick\u00fd n\u00e1vrat k\u00a0moci struktur, kter\u00e9 startovaly sv\u016fj rozlet u\u017e v\u00a0minul\u00e9m re\u017eimu, koupen\u00ed si spole\u010densk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry, monopolizace ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debaty do rukou vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho medi\u00e1n\u011b-ekonomicko-byznysov\u00e9ho souru\u010denstv\u00ed, konec politiky a jej\u00ed nahrazen\u00ed prost\u00fdm managementem a kriminalizac\u00ed oponent\u016f.<\/p>\n
I tato nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00e9ra jednou skon\u010d\u00ed. Ale n\u00e1vrat ke klasick\u00fdm demokratick\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m po n\u00ed ne\u010dekejme. P\u0159ijdou jen dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje sm\u011brem t\u011bm nej\u010dern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm antiutopi\u00edm. Pokud je tedy neza\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me u\u017e te\u010f, ani\u017e jsme si toho v\u0161imli. Za komunismu se mnoz\u00ed ut\u00edkali dovnit\u0159 sv\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f, k\u00a0undergroundu, do rodin, do uzav\u0159en\u00fdch komunit.\u00a0 Asi tyto sv\u011bty znovu za\u010dneme objevovat.<\/p>\n
Nel\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m takov\u00fd konec? Tak ho nep\u0159ipus\u0165me.<\/p>\n
Proneseno na semin\u00e1\u0159i IVK \u201eKon\u010d\u00ed polistopadov\u00e1 \u00e9ra\u201c, hotel Pyramida, 13. listopadu 2014<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se pokus\u00ed \u010destn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bt na tuto zadanou ot\u00e1zku, mus\u00ed se p\u0159ed t\u00edm vyrovnat s dv\u011bma p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi, pon\u011bkud zaml\u010den\u00fdmi nebo p\u0159esko\u010den\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5230"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5231,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5230\/revisions\/5231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}