{"id":7540,"date":"2017-02-17T09:06:50","date_gmt":"2017-02-17T08:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=7540"},"modified":"2017-02-17T09:06:50","modified_gmt":"2017-02-17T08:06:50","slug":"ma-veto-cenu-kdyz-ho-stejne-prehlasuji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=7540","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1 veto cenu, kdy\u017e ho stejn\u011b p\u0159ehlasuj\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"opener\">Prezident republiky vr\u00e1t\u00ed z\u00e1kon. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak jeden ze dvaceti. A Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna toho \u201eveto\u201c p\u0159ehlasuje. Asi tak devaten\u00e1ct ze dvaceti vr\u00e1cen\u00fdch. M\u00e1 to cenu? M\u00e1.<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"art-text\" class=\"text\">\n<p>Veto prezidenta republiky je jednou ze z\u00e1sadn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed hlavy na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu. K v\u00fdkonu t\u00e9to pravomoci nen\u00ed t\u0159eba kontrasignace p\u0159edsedou vl\u00e1dy a jde tak o tzv. pravomoc absolutn\u00ed. Je zakotvena v \u010dl\u00e1nku 50 \u00dastavy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n<p>Podle \u010desk\u00e9 \u00fastavy prezident republiky skute\u010dn\u00e9 absolutn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo veta nem\u00e1. Nem\u00e1 u n\u00e1s ani \u0161anci vetovat \u010di uplatnit v\u00fdhrady t\u0159eba jen k vybran\u00fdm pas\u00e1\u017e\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee pouze z\u00e1kon, doru\u010den\u00fd Poslaneckou sn\u011bmovnou po schv\u00e1len\u00ed i v Sen\u00e1tu, Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt a pomoc\u00ed formulov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdhrad se pokusit p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit poslance, aby se nad z\u00e1konem je\u0161t\u011b jednou zamysleli a pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jeho cestu legislativn\u00edm procesem ukon\u010dili.<\/p>\n<p>Nejde tedy o pr\u00e1vo veta v \u010dist\u00e9m slova smyslu ale tzv. suspenzivn\u00ed veto, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed v r\u00e1mci legislativn\u00edho procesu kone\u010dn\u00fdm a nezvratiteln\u00fdm aktem. Vetem tento krok u n\u00e1s naz\u00fdv\u00e1me sp\u00ed\u0161e ze zvyku, z tradice.<\/p>\n<p>Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna m\u00e1 v tomto procesu naprosto dominantn\u00ed postaven\u00ed. Pokud j\u00ed Sen\u00e1t vr\u00e1t\u00ed z\u00e1kon s pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00edmi n\u00e1vrhy, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pokud se z\u00e1konem odm\u00edtne vyslovit souhlas, posta\u010d\u00ed poslanc\u016fm v\u011bt\u0161ina pouh\u00e9ho jednoho hlasu (tedy 101), aby Sen\u00e1t p\u0159ehlasovala. A stejn\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina posta\u010d\u00ed, aby protla\u010dila z\u00e1kon i navzdory prezidentsk\u00e9mu \u201evetu\u201c. Ba dokonce v\u011bt\u0161ina jedin\u00e9ho hlasu posta\u010d\u00ed k p\u0159e\u010d\u00edslen\u00ed negativn\u00edho postoje Sen\u00e1tu i prezidenta dohromady.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1lo by se tedy, \u017ee je institut vr\u00e1cen\u00ed z\u00e1kona jen zbyte\u010dnou formalitou. Ale nen\u00ed. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 diskuse o podob\u011b na\u0161\u00ed legislativy a o trendech jej\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Postoj (jak\u00e9hokoli) prezidenta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt (v\u010detn\u011b zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed takov\u00e9ho postoje) reflektov\u00e1n ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed, odbornou obc\u00ed i politickou sc\u00e9nou. A m\u016f\u017ee tedy ovlivnit b\u00e1zi, na kter\u00e9 se budou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b rodit dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esn\u011b tak postupoval po cel\u00fdch deset let sv\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adov\u00e1n\u00ed na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b prezident V\u00e1clav Klaus. Vracel z\u00e1kony i tehdy, kdy nad\u011bje na zm\u011bnu postoje Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny byla nepatrn\u00e1 nebo skoro \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1. Byl ale p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee pokud jsou jeho v\u00fdhrady k z\u00e1konu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9, zazn\u00edt touto formou musej\u00ed. Dokladem toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i nov\u00e1 kniha IVK Veta prezidenta V\u00e1clava Klause, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich kompletn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det v\u010detn\u011b doslovn\u00fdch zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d se u\u017e mnoho let nevyv\u00edj\u00ed sm\u011brem k omezen\u00ed p\u016fsobnosti st\u00e1tu a jeho instituc\u00ed \u010di k pos\u00edlen\u00ed svobody jednotlivce, Vyv\u00edj\u00ed se sm\u011brem p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fdm, a to i pod vlivem unijn\u00ed legislativy, kter\u00e1 k n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed formou direktiv, doporu\u010den\u00ed a z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch norem. K tomu si na\u0161e vl\u00e1dy a parlament s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1konem p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u016fj pod\u00edl na nov\u00fdch z\u00e1kazech, p\u0159\u00edkazech, regulac\u00edch, kv\u00f3t\u00e1ch, limitech, na dal\u0161\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm omezov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pokud by Klaus byl v doty\u010dn\u00e9 dek\u00e1d\u011b sed\u011bl v poslaneck\u00e9 lavici, zvedl by svou ruku mo\u017en\u00e1 pro n\u011bjak\u00fdch p\u011bt procent v\u0161ech tehdej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f z\u00e1kon\u016f. Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b jich ale nevracel 95 procent (co\u017e by bylo realistick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, pokud by bylo vych\u00e1zelo z jeho podpory \u010di odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f), ale pouh\u00fdch zhruba p\u011bt procent.<\/p>\n<p>Byl toti\u017e p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee vrcholn\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed instituce nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt v permanentn\u00edm vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m st\u0159etu a nap\u011bt\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee je prezidentem volen\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edmo a odvozuj\u00edc\u00edm sv\u016fj mand\u00e1t od parlamentu. Proto vracel Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b jen takov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, u nich\u017e byl jeho nesouhlas zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, nebo takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 nesly ur\u010ditou symboliku, kter\u00e9 byly vhodnou demonstrac\u00ed rozporu mezi legislativn\u00edm trendem a jeho \u00fasil\u00edm o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed svobodu lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Samostatnou kapitolou, vlastn\u011b novou a velmi v\u00fdjime\u010dnou, byly p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy prezident Klaus z\u00e1kon ve lh\u016ft\u011b 15 dn\u016f sn\u011bmovn\u011b nevr\u00e1til, ale sv\u016fj podpis k n\u011bmu nep\u0159ipojil. Tato forma ur\u010dit\u00e9ho distancov\u00e1n\u00ed se od normy bez vyu\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e1va \u201eveta\u201c je vlastn\u011b jistou obdobou varianty, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se Sen\u00e1t ve lh\u016ft\u011b 30 dn\u016f z\u00e1konem nezab\u00fdval, nezaujal k n\u011bmu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 stanovisko a podle \u00fastavy se tak m\u011blo za to, jako kdyby byl z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1lil. U Sen\u00e1tu v\u0161ak ve\u0159ejnost dob\u0159e rozum\u011bla, \u017ee takov\u00fd krok demonstruje sp\u00ed\u0161e nez\u00e1jem se normou zab\u00fdvat pro jej\u00ed nepodstatnost, nekonfliktnost \u010di zd\u00e1nlivou samoz\u0159ejmost, zat\u00edmco marn\u00e9 uplynut\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9 lh\u016fty k vr\u00e1cen\u00ed a sou\u010dasn\u011b odep\u0159en\u00ed podpisu bylo spr\u00e1vn\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako \u201ebudi\u017e, ale beze mne\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Pravomoc vracet Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b z\u00e1kony (a p\u0159ipojit k takov\u00e9mu postoji i pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed a sledovan\u00e9 prezidentsk\u00e9 pravomoci, a to i p\u0159es slab\u00e9 postaven\u00ed prezidenta v t\u00e9to v\u011bci oproti Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b. Jejich v\u00fd\u010det v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bchto zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed je p\u0159ehlednou ilustrac\u00ed postoje prezidenta k n\u011bkter\u00fdm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Lze jej uchopit i jako sv\u00e9ho druhu ne zcela veselou kroniku v\u00fdvoje politick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du v letech 2003 \u2013 2013. U\u017e proto, \u017ee od t\u00e9 doby se tenhle \u0161patn\u00fd trend je\u0161t\u011b urychlil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jakl.blog.idnes.cz\/blog.aspx?c=587242\">Zdroj<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prezident republiky vr\u00e1t\u00ed z\u00e1kon. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak jeden ze dvaceti. A Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna toho \u201eveto\u201c p\u0159ehlasuje. Asi tak devaten\u00e1ct ze dvaceti vr\u00e1cen\u00fdch. M\u00e1 to cenu? M\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7540"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7541,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540\/revisions\/7541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}