{"id":7901,"date":"2017-08-07T13:41:30","date_gmt":"2017-08-07T11:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=7901"},"modified":"2017-08-07T13:41:30","modified_gmt":"2017-08-07T11:41:30","slug":"ladislav-jakl-on-nam-nekdo-v-tichosti-prepsal-ustavu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/?p=7901","title":{"rendered":"Ladislav Jakl: On n\u00e1m n\u011bkdo v tichosti p\u0159epsal \u00fastavu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Od roku 1993 jsem \u017eil v&nbsp;domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 vlast je defini\u010dn\u011b demokratick\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, demokratickou svrchovanou republikou. Je to koneckonc\u016f d\u00e1no i na\u0161\u00ed \u00fastavou, jej\u00ed preambul\u00ed i prvn\u00edm odstavcem \u010dl\u00e1nku 1, kter\u00fd zn\u00ed: \u201e<em>\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je svrchovan\u00fd, jednotn\u00fd a&nbsp;<strong>demokratick\u00fd<\/strong>&nbsp;pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t zalo\u017een\u00fd na \u00fact\u011b k pr\u00e1v\u016fm a svobod\u00e1m \u010dlov\u011bka a ob\u010dana<\/em>.\u201c<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>M\u011bl jsem za to, \u017ee \u017eiji v&nbsp;zemi, jej\u00ed\u017e \u00fastava poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed demokratick\u00fdch mechanism\u016f a pro jejich ochranu. A \u017ee smyslem politiky a politick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee je naplnit tento r\u00e1mec konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm obsahem podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016fle lidu.<\/p>\n<p>Politick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany a ideov\u00e9 sm\u011bry. Kdy\u017e vyhraje koncept soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, napln\u00ed (do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch voleb) prostor vymezen\u00fd \u00fastavou svou politikou soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratickou. Kdy\u017e vyhraje k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 demokracie, napln\u00ed r\u00e1mec svou politikou k\u0159es\u0165anskodemokratickou, kdy\u017e ob\u010dansk\u00e1 demokracie\u2026 a tak d\u00e1le. \u00dastavn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem je demokracie a jej\u00edm obsahem jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed politick\u00e9 akcenty.<\/p>\n<p>Koncem demokracie ale je, kdy\u017e se konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a obvykle do\u010dasn\u00fd politick\u00fd obsah ztoto\u017en\u00ed se samotn\u00fdm r\u00e1mcem. T\u00edm se jin\u00e9 politick\u00e9 obsahy dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do autu a jsou mimo, ne-li dokonce proti\u00fastavn\u00ed. A podle toho se s&nbsp;nimi i zach\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tak tomu bylo v&nbsp;\u00fastav\u011b z&nbsp;roku 1948, kde se pro jistotu ji\u017e v&nbsp;preambuli uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201e<em>My, lid \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd, prohla\u0161ujeme, \u017ee jsme pevn\u011b rozhodnuti vybudovat osvobozen\u00fd st\u00e1t jako&nbsp;<strong>lidovou demokracii<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m zajist\u00ed pokojnou cestu k socialismu<\/em>.\u201c Komunistick\u00fd politick\u00fd koncept \u201elidov\u00e9 demokracie\u201c tak p\u0159estal b\u00fdt pouh\u00fdm do\u010dasn\u00fdm obsahem \u00fastavn\u00edho demokratick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce, ale stal se defini\u010dn\u00edm znakem r\u00e1mce samotn\u00e9ho. Podle takto z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce se jin\u00fd politick\u00fd koncept ne\u017e ten, kter\u00fd cht\u011bl budovat st\u00e1t jako lidovou demokracii, zm\u011bnil z&nbsp;konkuren\u010dn\u00edho ideov\u00e9ho sm\u011bru v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci politick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee na sm\u011br \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na podstatu samotn\u00e9 \u00fastavy.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e \u00fastava z&nbsp;roku 1960, kter\u00e1 s&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami platila vlastn\u011b a\u017e do konce roku 1992, prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee socialismus je ji\u017e vybudov\u00e1n a m\u016f\u017eeme tedy lidovou demokracii jako \u00fastavn\u00ed r\u00e1mec vym\u011bnit za s\u00e1m socialismus, ocitly se mimo \u00fastavnost v\u0161echny politick\u00e9, spole\u010densk\u00e9 a ideov\u00e9 sm\u011bry, kter\u00e9 se nehl\u00e1sily k&nbsp;<strong>socialistick\u00e9 demokracii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e1 \u00fastava, platn\u00e1 od roku 1993, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 takov\u00e9 z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho r\u00e1mce explicitn\u011b neobsahuje, a tak jsem si \u017eil v&nbsp;domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee tento r\u00e1mec lze svobodn\u011b naplnit r\u016fzn\u00fdmi demokracii respektuj\u00edc\u00edmi my\u0161lenkov\u00fdmi a politick\u00fdmi koncepty. Kter\u00e9 to budou a v&nbsp;jak\u00e9m pom\u011bru, o tom budou rozhodovat ka\u017ed\u00e9 volby.<\/p>\n<p>Myslel jsem, \u017ee \u017eiji v&nbsp;demokracii bez p\u0159\u00edvlastk\u016f. Ale to jsem se asi spletl. Za na\u0161imi z\u00e1dy kdosi \u00fastavu potichu p\u0159epsal. Za na\u0161imi z\u00e1dy kdosi pokoutn\u011b napsal \u00fastavu novou, kter\u00e1 je sice tajn\u00e1, ale o nic m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1. Stali jsme se&nbsp;<strong>liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokraci\u00ed<\/strong>. Liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie &#8211; stejn\u011b jako s\u00e1m liberalismus &#8211; b\u00fdv\u00e1 interpretov\u00e1na a definov\u00e1na velmi v\u00e1gn\u011b, o to je to ale hor\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ano, existuj\u00ed v&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch liber\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9 strany, n\u011bkter\u00e9 se tak i naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed a ostatn\u011b i v&nbsp;na\u0161\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii nesly n\u011bkter\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1zvu souslov\u00ed \u201eliber\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e1\u201c. U\u017e ze samotn\u00e9ho term\u00ednu \u201epolitick\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>strana<\/strong>\u201c je zjevn\u00e9, \u017ee je t\u00edm my\u0161lena \u010d\u00e1st celku (partaj, party, \u010d\u00e1st), \u010dili jeden z&nbsp;mo\u017en\u00fdch demokratick\u00fdch my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f. A \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 strana nem\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt monopol, jinak samo slovo strana pozb\u00fdv\u00e1 smyslu.<\/p>\n<p>Ale p\u0159esn\u011b to se u n\u00e1s dnes stalo. Jaksi nen\u00e1padn\u011b &#8211; p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku &#8211; pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed s&nbsp;naprostou samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed mainstreamov\u00ed politici a jejich sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia obratu \u201e<strong>liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie<\/strong>\u201c jako nikoli ozna\u010den\u00ed jednoho z&nbsp;mo\u017en\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak (do\u010dasn\u011b) naplnit n\u00e1\u0161 demokratick\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed r\u00e1mec politick\u00fdm obsahem, ale jako&nbsp;<strong>ozna\u010den\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho na\u0161eho \u00fastavn\u00edho r\u00e1mce<\/strong>. A spole\u010dnost na to ml\u010dky p\u0159istupuje. Ani\u017e kdy n\u011bjak\u00e1 liber\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e1 strana u n\u00e1s z\u00edskala \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu a vnutila svou politiku zbytku spole\u010dnosti jako sou\u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch pravidel.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d se tak stalo? Demokracie ve sv\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 voln\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00fdm vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edm elit\u00e1m&nbsp;nevyhovuje, je pro n\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. To by toti\u017e mohl ve volb\u00e1ch vyhr\u00e1t i n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd, \u017ee. To by pak n\u011bkdo ve svodn\u00e9m politick\u00e9m diskursu mohl prosazovat t\u0159eba my\u0161lenky n\u00e1rodn\u011b demokratick\u00e9 nebo konzervativn\u011b demokratick\u00e9. A to tedy ne, k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed unijn\u00ed i n\u00e1\u0161 dom\u00e1c\u00ed establishment. Neb\u00fdt liber\u00e1lem, ale t\u0159eba konzervativcem, to sice zat\u00edm nen\u00ed trestn\u00e9, ale asi by b\u00fdt m\u011blo.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se n\u011bkde politick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed jin\u00e9 ne\u017e levicov\u011b liber\u00e1ln\u00ed my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 koncepty, m\u011bly by podle dne\u0161n\u00edch elit b\u00fdt nikoli pouze pora\u017eeny v&nbsp;politick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei, ale m\u011bly by b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edmo z&nbsp;t\u00e9to sout\u011b\u017ee vyk\u00e1z\u00e1ny jako mimo\u00fastavn\u00ed nebo dokonce proti\u00fastavn\u00ed. A pokud by dokonce n\u011bjak\u00fd takov\u00fd sm\u011br v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00e9 zemi demokraticky zv\u00edt\u011bzil a pokou\u0161el se demokratick\u00fd r\u00e1mec legitimn\u011b naplnit obsahem, k&nbsp;jeho\u017e realizaci dostal mand\u00e1t, je nutno takovou zem vylou\u010dit z&nbsp;\u201edemokratick\u00e9\u201c rodiny coby neliber\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadl\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p>Jak se mohlo st\u00e1t, \u017ee si ml\u010dky zvyk\u00e1me, jak demokracie m\u00e1 u\u017e jen jeden povolen\u00fd (liber\u00e1ln\u00ed) obsah? Nechali jsme si pod nosem uskute\u010dnit st\u00e1tn\u00ed a \u00fastavn\u00ed p\u0159evrat, m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed samotn\u00e9 z\u00e1klady na\u0161\u00ed demokracie? Podle v\u0161eho ano.<\/p>\n<p>Jen\u017ee demokracie a liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, stejn\u011b jako akt a pietn\u00ed akt nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e. Bu\u010fme demokraci\u00ed. Ne socialistickou demokraci\u00ed. Ne lidovou demokraci\u00ed. Ne liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokraci\u00ed. R\u016fzn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 sm\u011bry maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo hr\u00e1t na politick\u00e9m h\u0159i\u0161ti o sv\u016fj \u00fasp\u011bch. Ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z&nbsp;nich nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b vlastnit.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ladislav Jakl, 3. srpna 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/institutvk.cz\/clanky\/951.html\">Zdroj<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Od roku 1993 jsem \u017eil v&nbsp;domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 vlast je defini\u010dn\u011b demokratick\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, demokratickou svrchovanou republikou. Je to koneckonc\u016f d\u00e1no i na\u0161\u00ed \u00fastavou, jej\u00ed preambul\u00ed i prvn\u00edm odstavcem \u010dl\u00e1nku 1, kter\u00fd zn\u00ed: \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je svrchovan\u00fd, jednotn\u00fd a&nbsp;demokratick\u00fd&nbsp;pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t zalo\u017een\u00fd na \u00fact\u011b k pr\u00e1v\u016fm a svobod\u00e1m \u010dlov\u011bka a ob\u010dana.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publikovane-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7901"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7902,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7901\/revisions\/7902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ladislavjakl.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}